This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, NEW YORK (AP) Stone tools found in a Mexican cave suggest that people were living in North America as early as about 26,500 years ago, much earlier than most scientists accept, a new study says. Colonial settlers built others with purposes such as root cellars and birthing chambers. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. (Ciprian Ardelean via AP), Connect with the definitive source for global and local news. The absence of such remains is strong circumstantial evidence that the Phoenicians and Carthaginians never reached the Americas.[20]. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2023, Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition The first photograph of More Here:https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/6-mysterious-stone-structures-new-england/ [], [] based on markings that they have chosen to interpret as the early Irish alphabet Ogham as well as stone structures (American Stonehenge etc) that they have chosen to interpret as being of early Irish construction, [], Six Mysterious Stone Structures of New England, the densest concentration of beehive-shaped stone chambers like those built by Culdee monks in Ireland. Who made my artifact, or what culture does my artifact come from. Webnabuckeye.org. 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With a temperature record that reaches back 14,000 years, researchers now have a glimpse into the environment that supported humans living at some of the continents oldest archaeological sites, where mammoth bones are preserved alongside evidence of human occupation. He found odd hexagonal patterns made of stone walls and ditches. Didmedieval Irish monks, American Indians or Vikings build them? Locate Your Nearest Archaeologist. Hmm. The first permanent settlement of Vikings in North Americaa seaside outpost in Newfoundland known as LAnse aux Meadowshas tantalized archaeologists for more than 60 years. Please make a tax-deductible gift today. The artifacts were found in an 8-inch (20 centimeter) layer beneath 5 feet (1.5 meters) of earth and other material from later human occupation at the site. [9][10] No scholar ever saw the stone or located its source and, during 187374, Netto tried and failed to find the individual who had supplied the copy of the inscription. Some argue Indians built it before the colonists arrived. found many stone buildings, when they arrived. Post-Processual Archaeology - What is Culture in Archaeology Anyway? Our simple yet powerful stock market charting software and other tools take standard charting functionality to a higher level. Help News from Science publish trustworthy, high-impact stories about research and the people who shape it. For decades, those chunks were kept in a freezer by co-author Birgitta Wallace, an archaeologist with Parks Canada who has spent her career at site. They discovered them in 23 towns in five Vermont counties, particularly Orange and Windsor. Be prepared to tell them where you found itin a field, in a shop, inherited from your great-aunt, whatever. The site can still be used as an accurate yearly calendar. Those age estimates are now commonly disputed or simply ignored by most archaeologists as being much too old to be real, she wrote. Gordon also believed that ancient Hebrew inscriptions had been found at two sites in the southeastern United States, indicating that Jews had arrived there before Columbus. Ciprian Ardelean of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas and others say they found stone tools and debris from tool-making that they dated back as far as 26,500 years ago. It can be toured virtually here. The Upton Heritage Park is at 18 Elm Street. It is very unlikely that just by chance they have the same age.. Pynchon heard a report of a stone wall and strong chamber in it, made all of stone, which is newly discovered at or near Pequot.. He worked as a stonemason and a shell fisherman, but sometimes had to sell his trophies and medals to feed his wife and four [], Is there a list available of the sites mentioned? Webnabuckeye.org. Ancient Desert Mystery Did Thousands Vanish Without A Trace Because Of An Ominous Prophecy And Revenge? In his 1871 book Ancient America, John Denison Baldwin repeats some of the arguments given for Phoenician visits to America, but ultimately refutes them, saying: if it were true that the civilization found in Mexico and Central America came from people of the Phoenician race, it would be true also that they built in America as they never built any where else, that they established a language here radically unlike their own, and that they used a style of writing totally different from that which they carried into every other region occupied by their colonies. [7][8] It tells of a Phoenician ship which, due to a storm, was separated from a fleet sailing from Egypt around Africa; it also mentions the pharaoh Necho I or Necho II. In the 20th century, adherents have included Cyrus H. Gordon, John Philip Cohane, Ross T. Christensen, Barry Fell and Mark McMenamin. Theyve found the oldest human settlement in North America, a settlement that goes back 15,000 years. [1], The Sargasso Sea may have been known to earlier mariners, as the poem Ora Maritima by the late 4th-century author Rufus Festus Avienius describes a portion of the Atlantic as being covered with seaweed, citing a now-lost account by 5th-century BC Carthaginian navigator Himilco. Dr. Mike Waters of Texas A&M, who oversees the site, says the findings pre-date what scientists had long considered the oldest artifacts found in New Mexico, by thousands of years. The artefacts they discovered were immediately sold around the globe. Biological syringes could change how drugs are delivered, The Moons glass beads hold a watery bounty, Want to sleep better? They then built their stone structures along those routes. All rights reserved. Within the fort a chamber six square feet with a seven-foot ceiling and a sand floor was perhaps built for the Narragansett queen Quaiapen (also called Matuntuck). It's estimated that this expedition took place in the 1300s. In a separate paper in the journal, researchers report evidence of early humans in south India more than a million years ago. In a Nature commentary, Ruth Gruhn, a professor emerita of anthropology at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, said the results should bring fresh consideration of six Brazilian sites proposed to be older than 20,000 years. Bacteria are everywhere, she said. And when? Theres some indication that some artifacts go back beyond 30,000 years, but so far the evidence isnt strong enough to make a firm claim, Ardelean said. By counting out from that ring, researchers can arrive at the precise year a tree died. Reconstructing the past environment can help scientists understand the importance of the region for human migration into the Americas. Under a former Native American village in Georgia, deep inside what's now the U.S., archaeologists say they've found 16th-century jewelry and other Spanish any mass-produced, usually inexpensive object reflecting contemporary society or popular culture: a substance or structure not naturally present in the matter being observed but formed by artificial means, as during preparation of a microscope slide. Welcome to Beyond Charts. The discovery at a site called Attirampakkam in the Kortallayar river basin helps anthropologists understand the spread of ancient people from Africa into Asia. Phoenician trade with the Americas is a major feature of the novel The Navigator by Clive Cussler and Paul Kemprecos. Theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas, The "Paraiba inscription" made the pages of, McCusick, Marshall. The past is all around us, so take the opportunity to learn something new, every day! Give Light and the People Will Find Their Own Way. Jenkins said he would have preferred carbon-dating of the specimens, but that couldn't be done because there was no organic material to be tested in the newly found layer. Credit: Jennifer Kielhofer. The Kensington Runestone, discovered in Kensington, Minnesota in 1898 contains an inscription describing an expedition of Norsemen into the interior of what is now North America. According to a report published in the journal Science, the impressions indicate that early humans were walking across North America around 23,000 years ago. It tells of a Phoenician ship which, due to a storm, was Later in life, Professor Horsford became an amateur archaeologist and collected evidence of the Vikings' presence in North America. Visitors can tour the Gungywamp through the Denison Pequotsepos Nature Center. University of Oregon archaeologist Dennis L. Jenkins said he was also initially skeptical of the find, commenting "it would have been a hard sell" from many other researchers. Calipers and cotton gloves are used during the analysis of artifacts. BLYTHE, CALIFORNIA. The mystery remains unsolved. A new study offers both by providing, for the first time, a reconstruction of prehistoric temperatures for some of the first known North American settlements. A few have what are probably stone beds or sacrificial altars. Ross T. Christensen has propounded the theory that the Mulekites in the Book of Mormon were "largely Phoenician in their ethnic origin."[5]. "Its pretty cool actually to do all that," said Forman. One of the biggest and best known stone chambers is called Calendar II in South Woodstock, Vt. Calendar II measures 10 feet by 20 feet on the inside, the same geometrical ratio as the Kings Chamber of the Great Pyramid. Is a Career in Archaeology Right for You? Jennifer Kielhofer sampling for charcoal and biomarkers (GDGTs) at Keystone Dune in Alaska, one of the study sites as well as one of the older archaeological sites in the area (dating back ~13,000 years). An inventory of Vermonts stone chambers compiled by the New England Antiquities Research Association found 52 stone chambers. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by Refinitiv Lipper. This truly became a Central Finds uncovered in a Mexican cave suggest North America may have had human inhabitants more than 30,000 years ago way before archaeologists thought. Glenn Markoe says that it will "probably never be known" whether the Phoenicians ever reached the Americas. In time, Professor Horsford became "For decades, archaeologists have debated when people first arrived in the Americas," says Vance Holliday, a University of Arizona archaeologist and co-author of the latest paper. Get a daily look at whats developing in science and technology throughout the world. https://www.thoughtco.com/how-to-get-artifact-identified-170839 (accessed April 7, 2023). In all three pieces, they found it in the 29th ring from the edge, indicating the trees had stopped growing 28 years after the 993 C.E. If you're looking into the local university for an archaeologist, you probably will not find an archaeology department. Kielhofers now turning her attention to other historical records, like changes in aridity, that could help explain how conditions in this region influenced early human communities. Researchers reported Wednesday, July 22, 2020, that the tools date to as early as 26,500 years ago, about 10,000 years before the generally accepted date for the earliest human presence in North America. They took samples by hammering black, sealed copper pipe into the layers. "They're fixed, and they're very precise.". Scientists have previously dated bits of wood from the site using radiocarbon dating, which measures the decay of the radioactive isotope carbon-14 in organic material and often gives dates within a couple hundred years. Presently, the most widely Jenkins, who three years ago reported discovery of 14,000-year-old evidence of human DNA in a cave in Oregon, said he was concerned that settling or rodents had mixed up the specimens in Texas. Lucky and gratifying.". Is my object archaeological or geological? Today, researchers are flummoxed as to the whereabouts of this gargantuan cultural artifact. Netto first accepted the inscription as genuine, but by 1873, philologist Ernest Renan convinced him that it was a forgery. In the year 993 C.E., a large cosmic burstprobably a solar flarecaused a pulse in the production of carbon-14 in Earths atmosphere, which was taken up by plants around the world through photosynthesis. As a result, early mercenaries to the Northeast wrote about Indian stone castles. Furthermore, John Winthrop the Youngerin 1654 received a letter from John Pynchon of Springfield, Mass. One-Eyed Giants Fachan Were As Dangerous As Polyphemus And The Cyclops, Facial Reconstruction Of Ancient Inhabitants Of Sagalassos Make Them Almost Real. The discovery of a Viking-era archaeological site in 1960 featuring the remains of distinctive Norse-style buildings, a bronze cloak pin, iron nails, and other Viking artifacts bolstered such evidence. Gungywamp is preserved, but many of the structures stand on private land. It has not a single characteristic that can be called Phoenician any more than the language of the inscriptions or the style of architecture with which it is associated; therefore we can not reasonably suppose this American civilization was originated by people of the Phoenician race. The latter, which recounts the landing of a storm-driven party from Sidon, has long been recognized as a clever forgery. In 1996, McMenamin proposed that Phoenician sailors discovered the New World c.350BC. Tiny Rhode Island has only 12 stone structures, but still more than Maine, which has only four. Someone who teaches or works in archaeology, history, or geology will likely recognize what category the object falls into, and they may also have an idea on who you could contact next. But by whom and for what? Marshall B. McKusick, Professor of Anthropology at the University of Iowa and former Iowa state archaeologist, reviewed and dismissed various theories of Phoenicians or Canaanites in the New World; he observed that "in this modern day everyone wishes to be his own authority, and the personal search for cultural alternatives seems to make every idea or theory equal in value."[18]. ", "Spunti e Osservazioni dal Libro di Lucio Russo, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theory_of_Phoenician_discovery_of_the_Americas&oldid=1148497089, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 April 2023, at 14:42. What's more, the footprints spanned a significant time period, suggesting that humans frequented the area for at least a few thousand years. Several curious and unusual artifacts have been found in Texas, North Carolina, Ohio, Georgia, and Oklahoma. any object made by human beings, especially with a view to subsequent use. For instance, rocks were mistaken for tools, and marks on animal bones thought to be made by humans turned out to have a natural origin, the journal says. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/how-to-get-artifact-identified-170839. Howd that get here? (2020, August 26). has already helped scientists precisely date the construction of a chapel in Switzerland and a volcanic eruption on the ChineseNorth Korean border. Bulk up on protein, animal study suggests, What killed Beethoven? The disappearance of Clovis from the archaeological record at 12,750 years ago is coincident with the extinction of mammoth and mastodon, the last of the megafauna. And the door aligns with the solstice sunrise. To see photographs from 1944 of the Upton Stone Chamber, click here. It is also possible that an archaeologist won't be available right awaymany of them are gone excavating for part or most of the year, but you can likely reach them using email. If you don't know which category it falls into, start with any one of these three: historian, archaeologist, geologist. Still others say railroad workers lived in it during the 19th century. The trove of 15,528 artifacts, including chipping debris from working stones and 56 tools such as blades, scrapers and choppers, was found in the Buttermilk Creek complex near Austin. Fossilized human footprints shown at the White Sands National Park in New Mexico. The theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas suggests that the earliest Old World contact with the Americas was not with Columbus or Norse settlers, but with the Phoenicians (or, alternatively, other Semitic peoples) in the first millennium BC. Its a new step in the difficult and contentious process of establishing when people arrived in North America from Asia. It's possible that the person you reach will be able to identify your artifact or recommend a better person to contact on the basis of your description or image. The driver for all Investors is the continuous search for investment opportunities. Lucio Russo has speculated about a probable arrival of Phoenicians in the Americas in his philologic analyses of Ptolemy's Geography. In 1975, a retired marine biologist from Harvard announced his discovery: On Vermonts stone structures he found inscriptions in a dead Celtic language called Ogam. The Blythe Intaglios. The LAnse aux Meadows site in Newfoundland, which researchers have now dated to 1021 C.E., contains a reconstruction of the seaside Viking settlement. ThoughtCo. Hirst, K. Kris. Ardelean said he believed people probably used the cave as a winter shelter for short periods of time. It was made from a thin elm trunk or redistributed. Beyond Charts+ offers sophisticated Investors with advanced tools. But he says that two years ago, archaeologist David Bustos, a study co-author, discovered a site where human footprints were co-mingled with a layer of sediment containing seeds from the spiral ditchgrass, an aquatic plant that could be carbon-dated. [17] Russo observes that by attributing those coordinates to the Antilles, the world gets back to the right size, the geographical description given by Ptolemy fits much better and certain puzzling deformations in Ptolemy's world map disappear. A retired insurance executive named William Goodwin bought the site in 1937. Now, scientists at last have a precise date for the site: Tree rings show a Viking ax felled trees on the North American continent exactly 1000 years ago, in 1021 C.E. Dighton Rock Centuries-Old-Mystery Still Unsolved. No one know. But critics of the theory counter that Celts would have left other evidence that theyd settled in New England. Recent discoveries in a Central Texas archeological site may re-write history. Still, Vermont farmers told stories of their great-grandfathers plows uncovering stone huts. A new study offers both by providing, for the first time, a reconstruction of prehistoric temperatures for some of the first known North American settlements. Americas Stonehenge is a 30-acre complex of standing stones, underground chambers and stone walls in North Salem, N.H. As the largest collection of stone structures in North America, it includes dolmens, or horizontal stone slabs on vertical stone uprights. They dated the tools to at least 1.07 million years old and some possibly 1.51 million years old. The trove of 15,528 artifacts, including chipping debris from working stones and 56 tools such as blades, scrapers and choppers, was found in the Buttermilk Creek complex near Austin. [13][14] McMenamin still holds (2021) to his hypothesis that these gold staters represent images of the New World. Many archeologists have since dug at the site. He says, those tools, and how those early people made them, help paint a picture of their lives as North Americas first settlers. The date would place human habitation in the Americas during the Last Glacial Maximum and at least 5,000 years earlier than widely accepted evidence has yet suggested. "Few archaeologists see reliable evidence for sites older than about 16,000 years. You've successfully subscribed to this newsletter! His team takes archeological samples and can pinpoint their age making them the first to know about the new discovery. The American Heritage Science Dictionary He was not involved in the cave study. This shows grade level based on the word's complexity. The crucifix shows us how conventionalization and familiarization set aside all the suggestion which an artifact really carries. The University of Maine owns the Hirundo Wildlife Refuge, which is open dawn to dusk all week long. Leading the research team was Shanti Pappu of the Sharma Centre for Heritage Education in Tamil Nadu, India. And some have symbolic markings, while others have Celtic place names. How would an illiterate interact with them in order to get the most out of each artifact? They are really just the offcuts or refuse of Viking activity. "How Can I Get My Artifact Identified?" All rights reserved. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES? Copyright 2011. An archaeologist could be as close as the nearest anthropology or classical history or art history department of your local university, or the state archaeologist's or geologist's office, a nearby museum or historical society, or a professional or amateur association. This artifact has been tentatively called a bull-roarer because no other purpose can be conjectured. [The artifacts] are not some beautiful objects or Viking artwork or anything like that, Dee says. Most noteworthy, just three Northeast counties account for the majority of stone structures in North America: Putnam County, N.Y.; New London County, Conn.; and Windsor County, Vt. Massachusetts has the densest concentration of beehive-shaped stone chambers like those built by Culdee monks in Ireland. "How Can I Get My Artifact Identified?" The But thats unlikely, Dee says, because fallen wood quickly loses its strengthand historians think Vikings were seeking timber to bring back to relatively treeless Greenland. Earth's largest and purest copper deposits are found around North America's Great Lakes. L'Anse aux Meadows is an archaeological site in Newfoundland, Canada, where the first evidence was discovered of Vikings (Norse) in North America. The site may have been down. Today, a lack of provenance often means one of two things: an artifact is forged or an artifact was illegally acquired. See more. This truly became a Central Texas project. [] reason he ran was that he hoped to win the attention of an employer. It's best practice to find someone near to you: artifact identification is tricky, and it might be helpful if you could easily just take the object to them to see it. They aimto honor Mother Earth. The colonists made one of their first attacks on the fort during the war. How do I find out what kind of artifact it is? WebAlleged artifacts. Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49496088; Stonehenge CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=195581. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Menu. Credit: Adobe Stock - LoweStock. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/how-to-get-artifact-identified-170839. Nothing has been proven yet, but it looks like Parcak might have found evidence for Viking exploration in North America that goes much further than just that 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. "I think were in a period right now, in which our knowledge of when humans ran across our planet is being greatly revised," said Forman. History of Animal and Plant Domestication, Graduate Programs in Archaeology (U.S. and Canada, National Association of State Archaeologists. According to Professor Eben Norton Horsford (1818 - 1893), who is today best remembered for reformulating baking powder, Nurumbega could have been a Viking settlement. Was There An Explosion In The Great Pyramid In Antiquity? NEW YORK (AP) Stone tools found in a Mexican cave suggest that people were living in North America as early as about 26,500 years ago, much earlier than most scientists accept, a new study says. The region wasnt really responding to these global scale climate changes as we might expect, she said. Find more informationhere. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. [9] In the 1960s, Cyrus H. Gordon provided a new translation, and stated his conclusion that it was genuine, since it didn't copy any Semitic writing that would have been widely accessible at the time. Subscribe to News from Science for full access to breaking news and analysis on research and science policy. The largest and probably best known stone chamber in Massachusetts is the Upton Stone Chamber near Worcester in Upton. with the help of abnormally strong cosmic ray bursts, the construction of a chapel in Switzerland, a volcanic eruption on the ChineseNorth Korean border, No evidence that Stanford president Marc Tessier-Lavigne hid fraud at Genentech, company says, Advocates challenge Antarctic contractors claim of zero sexual assaults on its watch, Judge dismisses claim that institute defamed David Sabatini in harassment case. But he suspects they arent more than 20,000 years old and most likely fall in the range of 15,000 to 18,000 years old. , 2009, 2012 near Worcester in Upton, animal study suggests, what killed?... Helps anthropologists understand the importance of the theory counter that Celts would have left other evidence that the Phoenicians reached! Provided by Refinitiv Lipper hoped to win the attention of an employer, or what culture does my come. And cotton gloves are used during the 19th century stone castles Tamil Nadu,.... 7, 2023 ) Denison Pequotsepos Nature Center insurance executive named William Goodwin bought the can. And the Cyclops, Facial Reconstruction of ancient people from Africa into Asia lived in it during the analysis artifacts. Than a million years old in his philologic analyses of Ptolemy 's Geography Pynchon Springfield... Stone Chamber, click here field, in a Central Texas archeological site may re-write history as we might,... The region for human migration into the local university for an archaeologist, geologist driver all! Sagalassos Make them Almost real photographs from 1944 of the region for human migration into the.... Viking artwork or anything like that, '' said Forman made by human beings, especially with a view subsequent. See photographs from 1944 of the Upton stone Chamber, click here Sidon, has long recognized... How drugs are delivered, the Moons glass beads hold a watery bounty Want. 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We might expect, she said theory counter that Celts would have left other evidence that the Phoenicians Carthaginians... High-Impact stories about research and the people who shape it National Association State... Workers lived in it during the 19th century and ditches grade level based on the fort during analysis! The offcuts or refuse of Viking activity by human beings, especially with a view to subsequent.! By Refinitiv Lipper Texas, North Carolina, Ohio, Georgia, and they 're fixed, and 're! Paper in the 1930s, someone estimated that New England Antiquities research Association found 52 stone chambers periods! '' artifacts found in north america: //i.pinimg.com/236x/6a/6e/58/6a6e580665fe465509e036de6b2034a4 -- indian-artifacts-american-indians.jpg '', alt= '' '' > < /img the. Click here artifacts found in north america of the Sharma Centre for Heritage Education in Tamil Nadu India... Said he believed people probably used the cave as a clever forgery opportunity to learn New. To see photographs from 1944 of the Upton stone Chamber, click here past environment help. See reliable evidence for sites older than about 16,000 years not find an Archaeology department several curious unusual... Of artifacts Make them Almost real private land stories about research and Science policy philologic of. And a volcanic eruption on the fort during the 19th century Maine, which has only 12 stone structures but. Indians or Vikings build them evidence that theyd settled in New Mexico Americas, ``. New step in the 1930s, someone estimated that New England < /img the! Separate paper in the Great Pyramid in Antiquity the Navigator by Clive Cussler and Kemprecos! Some have symbolic markings, while others have Celtic place names in Upton the... Hirundo Wildlife Refuge, which has only 12 stone structures, but many of the page from... No other purpose can be conjectured made one of their great-grandfathers plows stone... 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