Part 1 of my video of my translation of the AS Latin set text. This proverb also applies to those who look much after their own personal interests at the expense of moral rectitude.). The Structure of Cic. 2.1 deals with the first three parts of this fourfold division (quadripertita distributio), Ver. Badian, E. (1958), Foreign Clientelae: 264-70 BC, Oxford; Gruen, E. (1984), The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome, Berkeley; Williams, C. (2008), ’Friends of the Roman People. Cicero, Against Verres, 2.1.53–86. Private Enterprise in the Service of the Roman Republic, Oxford. In Verrem ("Against Verres") is a series of speeches made by Cicero in 70 BC, during the corruption and extortion trial of Gaius Verres, the former governor of Sicily.The speeches, which were concurrent with Cicero's election to the aedileship, paved the way for Cicero's public career. The actio secunda, for which Cicero had prepared a massive amount of material adding up to five full speeches, never took place. 44 In 44 BC, when he wrote the de Divinatione, Cicero was familiar with local lore (Div. for corruption. Cicero, Against Verres, 2.1.53-86 : Latin text with introduction, study questions, commentary and English translation. Non dicam: ‘an effective form of comparatio, rising from a lesser variety of wrongdoing to a greater’: Mitchell (1986) 185. hoc dico…: Latin authors frequently add a demonstrative pronoun to verbs of thinking and stating that introduce an accusative + infinitive construction to give special emphasis to the indirect statement: ‘This I say, namely that you…’ The feature gains in force and prominence here by way of contrast to the non-dicam clause, where Cicero does not use it. 54, 128-42 (133). 2 Cicero, In Verrem II. How would you describe his interaction with the senators sitting in judgement. Diplomatic activity within and across provinces was fairly intense. Each section is supposed to give easy access to pertinent contextual information, with a sprinkling of references to works of secondary literature for those who wish to pursue a specific aspect further. (2009), The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome’s Deadliest Enemy, Princeton. 26As fans of the 1980s British sitcom Yes Minister by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn will know, the personnel of modern democratic nation-states involved in government consists in part of publicly elected politicians, who are voted into (and out of) office from time to time, and the bureaucratic functionaries of the civil service, whose positions are permanent, i.e. 3The orations are brilliant models of eloquence (as well as spin) by arguably the supreme prose stylist ever to write in Latin. (ed.) ; 86: accipite nnnc! http://dcc.dickinson.edu/cicero-verres/53. intus canere: as discussed above, the expression refers to a technique of playing only that side of the cithara which is turned away from the audience: Cicero quips that Verres has outdone the activity represented by the statue by hiding it away in the innermost part of his house. Is it the rational force of the better argument? Still, it bears stressing that in the form we have them they are indistinguishable from the written versions of those speeches he actually delivered. His service as quaestor under the consul Gnaeus Papirius Carbo came to an abrupt and disgraceful end when he scarpered with the public money entrusted to him (some half million sesterces) to Carbo’s enemy Sulla.5 And a couple of years later he repaid the support he had enjoyed as legate under Gnaeus Dolabella in Cilicia by acting as prime witness in the extortion trial that Dolabella faced upon his return to Rome.6 Complaints about his abuse of power dogged his governorship in Sicily throughout his term in office, even necessitating the (futile) intervention of a consul in 72 BC. The senatorial monopoly of criminal jurisdiction was terminated.’37 Cicero obliquely links the case at hand to this imminent judicial reform, thereby putting his individual stamp on a watershed-year in Roman history. Valet hoc proverbium et in eos qui multum intestinis suis commodis consulunt praeter honestatem. 2 Settle, J. N. (1962), The publication of Cicero’s orations, Diss. Vous allez être redirigé vers OpenEdition Search, Portail de ressources électroniques en sciences humaines et sociales, 2. 2 non modo apud nos sed apud exteras nationes Harl. upon the death of King Attalus III of Pergamum. I hope this is useful to those of you teaching or soon to teach this text. I do not say that one statue or another was taken away from thence: this I say, that you, O Verres, left not one statue at Aspendus ; that everything from the temples and from all public places was openly seized and carried away on wagons, the citizens all looking on. (2007), Cicero on the Attack: Invective and Subversion in the Orations and Beyond, Swansea. And this, so Cicero asserts, means that his own version of the events, for which he has two reliable witnesses, must represent the truth. though § 58 and the note on iudiciorum... dominos... cupiditatum... servos. Cicero here reconsiders events that happened about a decade earlier, in an effort to portray Verres as evil through and through. 17Public speaking is designed to persuade an audience of a specific point of view. Thus Cicero does his best to depict Verres as a heinous and hardened criminal, with a particular penchant for debauchery from his early youth. (2002), ’Cicero’s Early Speeches’, in J. M. May (ed. 27 For a highly readable and very stimulating account of how Rome became involved with the Greek world that includes all the important facts and figures with a hard look at scholarly orthodoxies, see Gruen, E. S. (2004), ’Rome and the Greek World’, in H. I. a story or narrative, from the technical term narratio, which is used of that part of a forensic speech in which the speaker sets out the facts of the case: see Levene, D. S. (2004), ’Reading Cicero’s Narratives’, in J. Powell and J. Paterson (eds. For the problem of plausibility in abuse, see Craig, C. (2004), ’Audience Expectations, Invective, and Proof’, in J. Powell and J. Paterson (eds. Loading... Unsubscribe from andyjkeen? 1.6: dies perexigua). 7This is not to say that Verres was a particularly delightful human being. Ancient rhetorical theory identified three main modes of persuasion: a speaker could prove his points or render his arguments plausible by means of logos (that is, reasoning, analysis and argument), ethos (that is, the characters of the individuals involved in the trial, especially that of the defendant and the speaker), or pathos (that is, strong emotions roused by the speaker in his audience).22 The chosen passage showcases Cicero’s resourceful handling of all three modes. Contrast the ‘leisurely’ and exactly parallel constructions vetus oppidum et nobile and (with added *hyberbaton) hoc signum … et illud with the absence of connectives here: Cicero uses none between reliquisse and evecta exportataque esse, ex fanis and ex locis publicis, or palam, spectantibus omnibus, and plaustris. It is impossible to reproduce this construction literally in English: one can either turn the relative clause into a main clause or add the verb in apposition, i.e. Ich hab kein Plan, wie das geht, hab mich auch schon nach andren Übersetzungen totgesucht und auch teilweise den andren Text gefunden, aber ich bräuchte mal, falls einer das hat, ne Übersetzung zum ersten Abschnitt der ersten Verres-Rede: In the light of this observation, Cicero seems to be cracking a complex joke here: in addition to the analogy between the ‘hiding away’ performed by the statue and by Verres (the former shielding his playing of music from the audience, the latter concealing his plunder from public viewing), the statue itself is proverbially associated with thievery, which means that Verres imitates and outdoes his looted artwork. Nōn dīcam illinc hoc signum ablātum esse et illud. After several failed attempts to delay the trial, Verres chose to abandon his defense and lived in exile in Massilia until 43 B.C. None of this mattered: at the actual trial, Cicero triumphed resoundingly by out-witting, out-preparing, and out-talking the opposition. ''Looting, despoiling temples, attempted rape and judicial murder: these are just some of the themes of this classic piece of writing by one … (2008), Cicero as Evidence: A Historian’s Companion, Oxford, p. 81 and 83. 15The first speech intended for the second hearing (Ver. Not the least of their skills was the ability to think up procedural shenanigans to derail or at least delay the trial until the following year. The Content of Cic. CONTENTS Chronological Table 3 Marcus Tullius Cicero 4 Gaius Verres 5 The Context of the Case 5 Roman Oratory 6 The Text: Cicero, In Verrem II. 37 Brunt, P. A. search; report a problem; Please refresh the home page in your browser! 9Overall, the careers of Cicero and Verres share a series of coincidental parallels that are fun to ponder. Flower (ed. 22 The classic treatment of ethos and pathos in ancient rhetoric is Wisse, J. edit. Reden gegen Verres 1 (actio prima)In Verrem I Übersetzung 1,1 • 1,2 • 1,3 • 1,13 • 1,14 • 1,32 • 1,33 Note also the crescendo from one accusative object (omnia) to two prepositional phrases in the ablative, the second with an attribute (ex fanis, ex locis publicis), to three phrases indicating modalities of removal: palam (an adverb), spectantibus omnibus (an ablative absolute), plaustris (an instrumental ablative). Aspendium a town in Pamphylia that came under Roman rule in 133 B.C. artificio art/craft/trade; skill/talent/craftsmanship; art work; method/trick; technology. 18In his handling of the affair at Lampsacus, Cicero opts for a two-pronged approach to prove Verres’ guilt: to begin with, he simply presupposes that the sequence of events has as its unifying factor Verres’ inability to keep his lecherous instincts under control. Oppidum est : in in, on, at; in accordance with/regard to/the case of; within in, auf, nach, an, gegen dans, sur, à, conformément à l'/ ce qui concerne les / le cas d'; dans in, su, su, in conformità con / per quanto riguarda / il caso di; all'interno en, sobre, en; de conformidad con / respecto a / el caso de, dentro de Aspendum: located on the Southern coast of Turkey on the right bank of the river Eurymedon (between the modern tourist hotspots Antalya and Alanya), Aspendos was a significant centre of trade in ancient times, especially for salt, oil, grain, and wool; after the battle of Magnesia in 190 BC, it became part of the kingdom of Pergamum, which King Attalus III, at his death without heir, bequeathed to Rome in 133 BC. II.2 etc.). 158, in quibus est (itemque in ed. (1993), Imperium Romanum. 2After the conclusion of the proceedings, Cicero published the set of speeches he had given in the context of prosecuting Verres as well as those he had prepared for delivery – ‛prepared for delivery’ because the case came to a premature end before the speeches could be delivered. For excellent and accessible treatments see Richardson, J. True, consistency of character was an important argument in Roman law courts – anyone who could be shown to have a criminal record was considered more likely to have perpetrated the crime for which he was on trial, whereas an unblemished past could be marshalled in support of a plea of innocence. In Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, Lucius Cornelius Sisenna, and Quintus Hortensius Hortalus, the consul designate for 69 and a formidable public speaker, Verres managed to recruit a group of defence advocates brimming with nobility and talent. More general studies include Corbeill, A. 20When it comes to the depiction of character, Cicero likes to paint in black and white. (1980), ’Patronage and Politics in the Verrines’, Chiron 10, 273-89 (280 n. 44). ), Cicero the Advocate, Oxford, 117-46 (117). In particular, it would put the judges at the same level as the defendant. vetus: Cicero may allude to Greek traditions according to which the city was founded by ‘the Argives’, perhaps in the aftermath of the Trojan war. – 1. For each province, a lex provinciae defined the rights and obligations that the otherwise by and large self-governing civic communities (civitates) within a province had towards Rome. In outline the speech breaks down into the following sections: 1-23: Preface24-31: Explanation why Cicero didn’t indict in detail during the actio prima32-34: Blueprint of the actio secunda1934-40: Verres’ quaestorship41-102: Verres’ stint as legate and pro-quaestor of Dolabella in Cilicia41-61: Verres’ thefts of artworks62-86a: The Lampsacus episode86b-90: The theft at Miletus90-102: Verres’ crimes as a guardian and pro-quaestor103-58: Verres’ urban praetorship103-27: Abuses of his judicial powers128-54: Misconduct as a supervisor of the maintenance of public buildings155-58: His jury-tampering in other trials, 16The Lampsacus episode stands out as the centrepiece of the oration – a sustained and largely self-contained unit, in which Cicero explores Verres’ past in particular depth and detail. I. Gildenhard, Cicero, Against Verres, 2.1.53–86: Latin Text with Introduction, Study Questions, Commentary and English Translation, OpenBook Publishers (www.openbookpublishers.com), Cambridge, 2011. Graeca, -ōrum, n., pl., Greek writing, Greek. ... Cicero In Verrem 2.1, 53-58 andyjkeen. For Classics teachers. And several ancient authors comment on the remarkable irony that Cicero and Verres died in the same year, proscribed by the same man – the former for his tongue, the latter for his art collection.8 A bare skeleton of their respective careers in the form of a table would look something like this: 10When the Sicilians turned to Rome for help against the plundering and extortion perpetrated by Verres, Cicero was a natural point of contact: he had been quaestor in Sicily only a few years earlier, knew the province well, had close ties with various leading locals, and saw himself as their patron.10 He agreed to act as the Sicilians’ legal representative, in what shaped up as a case for one of Rome’s ‛standing courts’, the so-called quaestio de repetundis.11 Because Roman officials enjoyed immunity from prosecution during their time in office, the trial could not start before Verres’ period as pro-magistrate finished at the end of 71 BC.
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