Rev. An approximately 4' x 6' banner, Select from premium Rosa Parks Funeral of the highest quality. Martin Luther King Jr. Former Mayor Marc Morial talked about, https://ximage.c-spanvideo.org/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJwaWN0dXJlcy5jLXNwYW52aWRlby5vcmciLCJrZXkiOiJGaWxlc1wvNDk2XC8xODk3MDQtbS5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsiZml0IjoiY292ZXIiLCJoZWlnaHQiOjUwNn19fQ==, Hartford Memorial Baptist Church (Detroit), Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development, 2023 National Cable Satellite Corporation. In December 1955, Rosa Parks ' refusal as a Black woman to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, It was revealed in an article published by the Sports Business Daily in 2014 that Ilitch had paid for Rosa Parks' apartment for more than a decade until her death in 2005. I was . Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 - October 24, 2005) was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott.The United States Congress has honored her as "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". Six-year-old Taylor Lawson, right, and her mother Courtney Lawson at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History in Detroit, Mich., to pay respects to Rosa Parks, Nov. 1. They kept pushing Detroit, and had it not been for them, I am saying, Detroit would not be in the renaissance that theyre in now.. We know the story. Blake noted that two or three White passengers were standing, as the front of the bus had filled to capacity. I was not tired physically, or no more tired than I usually was at the end of a working day. Invaluable is the world's largest marketplace for art, antiques, and collectibles. It served as a museum honoring Rosa Parks. BTW the dumbasses ran out of gas in the hurst. Search and apply for the latest $15 per hour jobs in Columbia, MO. [16] The Montgomery Industrial School, founded and staffed by White northerners for Black children, was burned twice by arsonists. Great honor was shown to Rosa Parks by 16 2021, Published 10:23 a.m. She was born on February 4, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. Many remember Rosa Parks simply as a woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus, but her contributions to and role in Black History can not be understated or under-appreciated. Units. Averil: Eulogies at her 2005 funeral remarked on Rosa Parks' "quiet" and "humble" attributes. She learned more sewing in school from the age of eleven; she sewed her own "first dress [she] could wear". Mourners waited in long lines in the chilly morning to honor Parks. A plaque entitled "The Bus Stop" at Dexter Ave. and Montgomery St.the place Rosa Parks boarded the buspays tribute to her and the success of the Montgomery bus boycott. After being found guilty and fined $10, plus $4 in court costs (combined total equivalent to $142 in 2021),[37] Parks appealed her conviction and formally challenged the legality of racial segregation. And I am forever grateful, Sister Rosa, Select from premium Rosa Parks Funeral of the highest quality. The United States Congress recognized her as "The First Lady of Civil Rights" and "The Mother of the Freedom Struggle.". Aretha Franklin Ill Fly Away Rosa Parks Funeral 2005. Thank you for sacrificing for us, he said. The No. "[36] Three of them complied. Minister Farrakhan talked about the Millions More Movement rally, which was scheduled for Saturday, October 15, 2005., Congressman Jackson and Senator Kerry spoke to reporters about the legacy of the late civil rights leader Rosa Parks,, National Urban League President and CEO Marc Morial talked about the National Urban Leagues report on the State of, The National Urban League released their annual State of Black America report. By 7:30 a.m., the line for the funeral extended more than two blocks west of the church with about 800 people waiting. Our caring team will help you to choose a final resting place for yourself or a loved one in a location that is convenient, secure and serene. Tammi Swanigan waited for hours without getting a seat, but the 28-year-old Detroit resident wasnt complaining. She was securely married and employed, was regarded as possessing a quiet and dignified demeanor, and was politically savvy. [6] Parks received national recognition, including the NAACP's 1979 Spingarn Medal, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Gold Medal, and a posthumous statue in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall. Former President Clinton, his wife, Sen. Hillary Clinton, and others paid their respects at Parks open casket before the start of the funeral service that included the prayer in Find the perfect Rosa Parks Funeral stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. For more than a decade, Ilitch had quietly paid for Rosa Parks' apartment in downtown Detroit, according to CNN affiliate WXYZ. Claudette Bond, a 62-year-old resident of Southfield, Mich., was the first person in line outside the glass doors of Greater Grace Temple, waiting since 6 p.m. Tuesday for one of 2,000 public seats. She became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation, and organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including Edgar Nixon and Martin Luther King Jr. At the time, Parks was employed as a seamstress at a local department store and was secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. Questions and Answers ( 127 ) How was Rosa Parks involved with the NAACP? Final Tribute For Rosa Parks - CBS News. It has taken on a new life in light of Ilitchs death Her funeral service was seven hours long and was held on November 2, 2005, at the Greater Grace Temple Church in Detroit. Parks and the memorial services. She was arrested for her act of defiance and eventually paid a fine. Those who knew Mike Ilitch, the Little . At her husband's urging, she finished her high school studies in 1933, at a time when fewer than 7% of African Americans had a high-school diploma. Those who knew Mike Ilitch, the Little Caesars founder and Detroit Tigers owner who died last Friday, have spent the past few days fondly remembering his impact on friends, on Detroit residents, and on the sports community. Parks refused to pay the $14 fine imposed for her December 1, 1955, violation and on February 22, 1956 she was sentenced to 14 days in jail but appealed to the State Supreme Court and was released on bond. Her action on Dec. 1, 1955, triggered a 381-day boycott of the bus system led by the Rev. Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an African American civil rights activist whom the U.S. Congress later called the "Mother of the Modern-Day Civil Rights Movement." On December 1, 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks, age 42, refused to obey bus driver James Blake's order that she give up her seat to make room for a white passenger. The United States Congress has honored her as "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". Cemeteries Crematories Funeral Planning Funeral Directors Parks. ", he replied: "I need a secretary and you are a good one. Parks' legacy as a civil rights leader and her life as an example of perseverance. Parks said, "The driver wanted us to stand up, the four of us. Parks was invited to be part of the group welcoming. Heartland Business Systems Salary, Published 11:52 AM EST, Wed February 15, 2017 but they meant so much for Rosa Parks, who Nearly 800,000 mourners turned out from Monday night to Wednesday night to pay their final respects to civil rights legend Rosa Parks, according to the Detroit Mayor's Office and Police Department. The chapel was renamed the Rosa L. Parks Freedom Chapel in her honor. Reverend Braxton, family, friends, admirers, and this amazing choir: I feel it an honor to be here to come and say a final goodbye. [1]. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 08:29. Died: 24 October 2005. Yes, it is true that the man behind Little Caesers paid for Rosa Parks's rent. As a white hearse carried Parks body from the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, where viewing lasted until the pre-dawn hours, dozens of people holding pictures of Parks crowded around it. [35], Initially, she did not notice that the bus driver was the same man, James F. Blake, who had left her in the rain in 1943. Early life[edit] Born on April 14, 1912, Blake was draftedinto the Armyon December 23, 1943, at Fort McClellanin Anniston, Alabama. King wrote in his 1958 book Stride Toward Freedom that Parks's arrest was the catalyst rather than the cause of the protest: "The cause lay deep in the record of similar injustices. Way to honor her life YEARS WITH (510) 858-0721. Mike Ilitch didn't only own the $5 pie pizza chain but also the Detroit Tigers. A few years later, she published Quiet Strength (1995), her memoir, which focuses on her faith. Parks was a 42-year-old tailors assistant at a Montgomery department store in December 1955 when she was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a city bus. A, Av. Reuters Celebrities, politicians and other mourners flock to Detroit for the funeral of civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks. There was only one Rosa Parks. [88] In 2018, the house was moved back to the United States. [17] In Hampton, she found a job as a hostess in an inn at Hampton Institute, a historically Black college. The "AUDIO TREASURY" at NPR cited in the opening post of this thread is not to be missed; Conyers' Oct 25 interview is marveous (Rosa Parks was an aide in his office for two decades), as are the old recordings of Mrs. About 4,000 people crowded the Greater Grace Temple in Parks' adopted hometown The Detroit Community Choir singing at the funeral for civil rights legend Rosa Parks. Parks as a catalyst of the civil rights movement, her legacy as a voice for the black community, and her service to the nation in passionate speeches Wonder if that will cuase outrage. She was the most influential person in history. info@gurukoolhub.com +1-408-834-0167; who paid for rosa parks funeral. Her defiance sparked the Montgomery Bus . Copyright 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. Mrs Parks' body was then moved to the Rotunda on Capitol Hill in Washington, where more long lines of people queued to pay . Rosa married Raymond Parks, a barber from Montgomery, In. Ilitch read the story in the newspaper and called Keith, offering to pay for Parks housing indefinitely. 62. Thousands of people paid tribute to Rosa Parks at funeral service in Detroit Wednesday. Her body was to be entombed in a mausoleum along with those of her husband and mother. Jun. Youll never discover new oceans unless you have the courage to lose sight of the shore. Since the state could not refuse the KKK's sponsorship, the Missouri legislature voted to name the highway section the "Rosa Parks Highway". Singers, politicians, civil rights leaders in attendanceSingers included Aretha Franklin and mezzo-soprano Brenda Jackson, who sang a soaring version of the Lords Prayer. Speaking at the funeral of Rosa Parks Wednesday, the Reverend Al Sharpton connected the civil rights struggles of the 1950s and 60s to the struggles that are taking place today. Its members elected as their president Martin Luther King Jr., a relative newcomer to Montgomery, who was a young and mostly unknown minister of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. Unrelated to her activism, Parks loaned quilts of her own making to an exhibit at Michigan State University of quilts by African-American residents of Michigan.[13]. Those in the audience held hands and sang We Shall Overcome as family members filed past the casket before it was closed just before noon. Rosa Parks was later entombed in a mausoleum in Detroit's Woodlawn Cemetery. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in December 1956 that segregated seats on city buses were unconstitutional, giving momentum to the battle against laws that separated the races in public accommodations and businesses throughout the South. When recalling the incident for Eyes on the Prize, a 1987 public television series on the Civil Rights Movement, Parks said, "When he saw me still sitting, he asked if I was going to stand up, and I said, 'No, I'm not.' Past and present elected officials, Congressional Black Caucus members, civil rights leaders, noted clergy, and other dignitaries attended the funeral of Rosa Parks, who died October 24, 2005 at age 92. Mike Ilitch . Ralph Abernathy suggested the name "Montgomery Improvement Association" (MIA). Her parents were James and Lenora McCauley, James a carpenter and . Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an African American civil rights activist. If passed, the bill would honor civil rights leader Rosa Parks by designating a new federal holiday. Rosa was born in the town of Tuskegee in Alabama, a state in southern USA. Happy Birthday to the Mother of the Movement, Rosa Nov. 2, 2005. appreciated. Yes, it is true that the man behind Little Caesers paid for Rosa Parks's rent. Former President Bill Clinton and singer Aretha Franklin are among Free shipping for many products! Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 October 24, 2005) was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. 1 killed when business jet encounters severe turbulence, E-bikes are an environmental dream except out in nature, Sports on TV & radio: Local listings for Seattle games and events, Trump fatigue seeps into right-wing forum that fed MAGA fervor, Doctor: Lesion removed from Biden's chest was cancerous. There she nursed her mother Leona through the final stages of cancer and geriatric dementia until she died in 1979 at the age of 92. Please stay off the buses Monday.[52]. Parks walks past the first few mostly empty rows of seats marked "Whites Only." It's against the law for an African American like her to sit in these . On the day of Parks's trialDecember 5, 1955the WPC distributed the 35,000 leaflets. By 1962, these policies had destroyed 10,000 structures in Detroit, displacing 43,096 people, 70 percent of them African-American. The boycott led to the desegregation of the Montgomery bus system and . A memorial service was held at St. Paul AME church in Washington, DC on the afternoon of October 31, 2005. [62] Parks took part in the Black power movement, attending the Philadelphia Black Power conference, and the Black Political Convention in Gary, Indiana. She was 92. Click to see full answer. The event, from 5-7 p.m., serves to . On that anniversary, President George W. Bush signed. Edgar Nixon, the president of the NAACP, said, "My God, look what segregation has put in my hands! The boycott was led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in. Rosa Parks, ne Rosa Louise McCauley, (born February 4, 1913, Tuskegee, Alabama, U.S.died October 24, 2005, Detroit, Michigan), American civil rights activist whose refusal to relinquish her seat on a public bus precipitated the 1955-56 Montgomery bus boycott in Alabama, which became the spark that ignited the civil rights movement in the United The funeral service was to begin at 11 a.m. at Greater Grace Temple, to be followed by a private burial. CNN . Claudette Bond, 62, had been waiting since 6 p.m. Tuesday in a lawn chair. Robinson believed it important to seize the opportunity and stayed up all night mimeographing over 35,000 handbills announcing a bus boycott. It was revealed in an article published by the Sports Business Daily in 2014 that Ilitch had. [19]:690 Rosa took numerous jobs, ranging from domestic worker to hospital aide. 2005 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2. Her life inspired millions of people and challenged the conscience of our Nation. I think just being here, it was really nice to see all the people come out to pay their respects, she said. She also befriended Malcolm X, who she regarded as a personal hero. She is to be entombed in a mausoleum, along with the bodies of her husband and mother. The bus was among the first ways I realized there was a Black world and a White world.[15]. Several soloists and choral groups of local and national renown performed at the ceremony. "[55]:437 He wrote, "Actually, no one can understand the action of Mrs. Interest will be charged to your account from the purchase date if the balance is not paid in full within 6 months. The case became bogged down in the state courts, but the federal Montgomery bus lawsuit Browder v. Gayle resulted in a November 1956 decision that bus segregation is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Rosa Parks occupies an iconic status in the civil rights movement after she refused to vacate a seat on a bus in favor of a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama. A federal judge, Damon Keith, spoke out about this, and help. Parks went on to a laboratory school set up by the Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes for secondary education, but dropped out in order to care for her grandmother and later her mother, after they became ill.[14]. Ilitch died on February 10, at the age of 87. Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an African American civil rights activist. He requested a reward and when Parks paid him, he demanded more. In often rousing remarks, participants also talked about the current state of race relations, the plight of minority groups in America, and the aspirations of the black community. She worked for the local NAACP leader Edgar Nixon, even though he maintained that "Women don't need to be nowhere but in the kitchen. And yet, fanatical politics found their way into the ceremony via left-wing stalwarts. "[17]:208. Montgomery buses: law and prevailing customs. In 1992, Parks published Rosa Parks: My Story, an autobiography aimed at younger readers, which recounts her life leading to her decision to keep her seat on the bus. Her Detroit funeral was attended by thousands of people who sought to both pay their respect to her memory and come together to remember the . [22] Parks continued her work as an anti-rape activist five years later when she helped organize protests in support of Gertrude Perkins, a Black woman who was raped by two White Montgomery police officers. #inline-recirc-item--id-9378d994-8c88-11e2-b06b-024c619f5c3d ~ .item:nth-child(5) { Black people could sit in the middle rows until the White section filled. Rosa Parks mourned at Capitol, Oct. 30, 2005 Visitors pay their respects as the casket of civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks lies in honor at the Rotunda of the Capitol on Oct. 30, 2005, in. BTW the dumbasses ran out of gas in the hurst. Bangladesh Time Zone, The entire episode was made public in 2014 in a story from Sports Business Daily. NTSB to investigate in-flight turbulence that left 1 passenger dead Here's a heartwarming story you may have missed about the team owner and pizza magnate: Ilitch reportedly once paid for civil rights activist Rosa Parks' rent when she moved Harvey Bowden, 23, from Cardiff had his trousers printed and cape also made by a Rosa Parks, "The Mother of the Civil Rights Movement" died quietly in her Detroit home of natural causes. She remained there until 1987. 2857 bus on which Parks was riding before her arrest (a GM "old-look" transit bus, serial number 1132), is now a museum exhibit at the Henry Ford Museum. The funeral, which stretched well past its three-hour scheduled time, followed a week of remembrances during which Parks coffin was brought from Detroit, where she died Oct. 24; to Montgomery, Ala., where she sparked the civil rights movement 50 years ago by refusing to give her bus seat to a white man; to Washington, where she became the first woman to lie in honor in the Capitol Rotunda. In 1943 Rosa Parks joined the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP and became active in the Civil Rights Movement. She and her husband never had children and she outlived her only sibling. He was an extremely influential and deeply involved member of the city he called home, his friends and family, and the sports community at large. ** FILE ** A Montgomery (Ala.) Sheriff's Department booking photo of Rosa Parks taken Feb 22, 1956, is shown Friday, July 23, 2004, in Montgomery, Ala. Best known for: The Montgomery Bus Boycott. Three days after Rosa's death, all of the city buses in Montgomery and Detroit reserved their front seats with black ribbons in her honor, and remained this way until Rosa was put into her final resting place. [25] On November 27, 1955, four days before she would make her stand on the bus, Rosa Parks attended a mass meeting at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery that addressed this case, as well as the recent murders of the activists George W. Lee and Lamar Smith. top mum influencers australia LIVE Statesman Is Merely A Dead Politician Meaning, Rosa Parks held a series of low-paying jobs before U.S. Rep. John Conyers hired her in 1965 to work in his Detroit office. She decided to move with her mother into an apartment for senior citizens. Aretha Franklin Ill Fly Away Rosa Parks Funeral 2005. Martin Luther King Jr. Visitors pay their respects as the casket of civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks lies in honor at the Rotunda of the Capitol on Oct. 30, 2005, in Washington. An American flag was unfolded onto the civil rights pioneers wooden coffin at the end of the service, which lasted more than seven hours. Ms. The United States Congress recognized her as Template:Pp-semi Template:Pp-move-indef Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 October 24, 2005) was an African American civil rights activist, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". She grew up on a farm with her maternal grandparents, mother, and younger brother Sylvester. (2 Nov 2005) SHOTLIST1. The assailant, Joseph Skipper, broke down the door but claimed he had chased away an intruder. Original: Jan 4, 2019. hide caption. Back Nov 2, 2005. [5] Shortly after the boycott, she moved to Detroit, where she briefly found similar work. He was an extremely influential and deeply involved member of the city he called home, his friends and family, and the sports community at large. She visited schools, hospitals, senior citizen facilities, and other community meetings and kept Conyers grounded in community concerns and activism. Past and present elected officials, Congressional Black Caucus members, civil rights leaders, noted clergy, and other dignitaries attended the funeral of Rosa Parks, who died October 24, 2005 at age 92. Elaine Steele, manager of the nonprofit Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute, defended Parks's care and stated that the eviction notices were sent in error. The notorious Scottsboro case had been brought to prominence by the Communist Party. But this was Montgomery, Ala., in 1955, and as the bus became crowded, the . The Women's Political Council was the first group to officially endorse the boycott. 2. Parks was arrested on December 1, 1955, after she refused to give up her seat on a crowded bus to a white passenger. There will never be another Rosa Parks, said Moses Fisher, a Nashville, Tenn., resident waiting for the chance to get a seat. You allowed the rebirth of hope, he said. Others held a silent march in her honor, reports CBS News correspondent Lou Miliano. Parks worked closely with Martin Luther King Jr.. [8][9][10][11] She was small as a child and suffered poor health with chronic tonsillitis. "Man Gets Prison Term For Attack on Rosa Parks", National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes, Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development, Body of Rosa Parks to lie in honor at U.S. Capitol, Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award, National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, WindsorDetroit International Freedom Festival, Rosa Parks 100th Birthday Commemoration at The Henry Ford, Dearborn, MI, February 4, 2013, National Museum of African American History and Culture, Academy Award for Documentary Short Subject, Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal, "An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks", "The Other Rosa Parks: Now 73, Claudette Colvin Was First to Refuse Giving Up Seat on Montgomery Bus", "Parting the Waters: America in the King Years", "Remembering Rosa Parks on Her 100th Birthday", "Chapter 1 (excerpt): 'Up From Pine Level', "Rosa Parks, 92, Founding Symbol of Civil Rights Movement, Dies", "Rosa Parks, civil rights icon, dead at 92", "Opinion: It's time to free Rosa Parks from the bus", "How 'Communism' Brought Racial Equality To The South", "Justice Department to Investigate 1955 Emmett Till Murder", "Emmett Till | The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks", "Alabama officer recalls 1955 arrest of Rosa Parks", "Parks Recalls Bus Boycott, Excerpts from an interview with Lynn Neary", "CNN.com - Civil rights icon Rosa Parks dies at 92 - Oct 25, 2005", "Heroes and Icons: Rosa Parks: Her simple act of protest galvanized America's civil rights revolution", "Grier Integrated a Game and Earned the World's Respect", "The Real Rosa Parks Story Is Better Than the Fairy Tale", "Parks remembered for her courage, humility", "10 Things You Didn't Know About Rosa Parks", "The People's Tribunal on the Algiers Motel Killings | The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks", "From Alabama to Detroit: Rosa Parks' Rebellious Life", "Stamp ceremony kicks off day in Parks' honor", "Gary Tyler a free man after more than 4 decades in Angola", "Editorial: Rosa Parks' legacy: non-violent power", "Republicans Hate Planned Parenthood But Want to Put One of Its Backers on the $10 Bill", "1994 Mugging Reveals Rosa Park's True Character", "Ilitch aids civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks, others", "Landlord won't ask Rosa Parks to pay rent", "Rosa Parks's death stirs up bitter feud over her estate", "Saved From Demolition, Rosa Parks's House Gets a Second Life", "Brown University cancels Rosa Parks house display in dispute", "House Where Rosa Parks Sought Refuge Will Be Displayed", "What was behind the Bristol bus boycott? Rosa Parks, the unassuming seamstress whose small act of defiance on a city bus 50 years ago helped spark the modern civil rights movement, was memorialized today in (2 Nov 2005) SHOTLIST1. [38] Parks later said about being asked to move to the rear of the bus, "I thought of Emmett Till a 14-year-old African American who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955, after being accused of offending a White woman in her family's grocery store, whose killers were tried and acquitted and I just couldn't go back. Parks was 92 when she died Oct. 24 in Detroit. Aretha Franklin sings during the funeral for Rosa Parks at the Greater Grace Temple in Detroit, Michigan on Wednesday. .Leon Higginbotham-Funeral Booklet-Nelson Mandela-Rosa Parks-Langston Hughes at the best online prices at eBay! [1] I was forty-two. She started piecing quilts from around the age of six, as her mother and grandmother were making quilts, she put her first quilt together by herself around the age of ten, which was unusual, as quilting was mainly a family activity performed when there was no field work or chores to be done. Mrs. Keith even showed the reporter a copy of a 1994 check for $2,000 from Little Caesars Enterprises to Riverfront Apartments. It was just time there was opportunity for me to take a stand to express the way I felt about being treated in that manner. Buy online, view images and see past prices for Rosa Parks' Funeral Banner. [69][70] When Angela Davis was acquitted, Parks introduced her to an audience of 12,000 as a "dear sister who has suffered so much persecution". At least 12 dead after winter storm slams South, Midwest She paid her fare and sat in an empty seat in the first row of back seats reserved for Blacks in the "colored" section. She co-founded the Rosa L. Parks Scholarship Foundation for college-bound high school seniors,[73][74] to which she donated most of her speaker fees.
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