A piece of evidence was handed to him which he had read and re-read many times, but always in a sense the exact contrary of that which he now saw it to have. He is the patron of confessors, moral theologians, and the lay apostolate. New York: Robert Appleton Company. His life contains a number of minor inaccuracies, however, and is seriously defective in its account of the founding of his Congregation and of the troubles which fell on it in 1780. In 1871 he was named a doctor of the church by Pope Pius IX. He was fervent about using common words in . If civil courts could not decide against a defendant on greater probability, but had to wait, as a criminal court must wait, for moral certainty, many actions would never be decided at all. This document gives you the case." St. Louis, MO 63106 | parish130@archstl.org | Tel: (314) 533-0304. He was a born leader of men. Cardinals Spinelli, Sersale, and Orsini; Popes Benedict XIV, Clement XIII, Clement XIV, and Pius VI, to each of whom Alphonsus dedicated a volume of his works. Alphonsus Liguori, Saint, b. at Marianella, near Naples, September 27, 1696; d. at Nocera de' Pagani, . Again, we have a friendship of thirty years with the great Venetian publishing house of Remondini, whose letters from the Saint, carefully preserved as became business men, fill a quarto volume. Liguori was a prolific and popular author. It has a tendency at every moment to deflect, and if it does deflect from the right path, the greater the momentum the more terrible the final crash. [8] Moreover, Liguori viewed scruples as a blessing at times and wrote: "Scruples are useful in the beginning of conversion. they cleanse the soul, and at the same time make it careful". First Station: Jesus Is Condemned to Death V. We adore you, Christ, and we praise you. Alphonsus Liguori - Wikipedia It would be a sacrilege to say otherwise." Its goal was to teach and preach in the slums of cities and other poor places. Here he laid his sword before the statue of Our Lady, and made a solemn resolution to enter the ecclesiastical state, and furthermore to offer himself as a novice to the Fathers of the Oratory. (1913). After practicing law for eight years, he was ordained a priest in 1726. Tradues em contexto de "Mary of Liguori" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : The Holy Church honors the priest and the priest must honor the Church with the holiness of his life - proposed St. Alphonsus Mary of Liguori on the day of his Ordination - with zeal, with work and with decorum. For six years he laboured in and around Naples, giving missions for the Propaganda and preaching to the lazzaroni of the capital. Alphonsus was lawyer, founder, religious superior, bishop, theologian, and mystic, but he was above all a missionary, and no true biography of the Saint will neglect to give this due prominence. [5], A gifted musician and composer, he wrote many popular hymns and taught them to the people in parish missions. St. Alphonsus Liguori was a bishop and moral theologian living and preaching in Naples in the eighteenth century. The Vicar General, Monsignor Onorati drew up the minutes of the diocesan trial which lasted two years from 1772 to 1774. Sarnelli was almost openly supported by the all-powerful Tanucci, and the suppression of the Congregation at last seemed a matter of days, when on 26 October, 1776, Tanucci, who had offended Queen Maria Carolina, suddenly fell from power. He was canonized in 1839 by Pope Gregory XVI and proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius IX in 1871. Early Christians began the devotion of following the footsteps of Christ's passion. He was born Alphonsus Marie Antony John Cosmos Damien Michael Gaspard de Liguori on September 27,1696, at Marianella, near Naples, Italy. In 1734, however, it was reconquered by Don Carlos, the young Duke of Parma, great-grandson of Louis XIV, and the independent Bourbon Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was established. "St. Alphonsus Liguori." Beatified: September 15, 1816. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Herbermann, Charles, ed. Catholic Online is a Project of Your Catholic Voice Foundation, a Not-for-Profit Corporation. It survived a catastrophic fire and was completed refurbished. He was crushed to the earth. This was in 1780, when Alphonsus was eighty-three years old. Alphonsus being so old and so inform he was eighty-five, crippled, deaf, and nearly blind his one chance of success was to be faithfully served by friends and subordinates, and he was betrayed at every turn. The favors and graces by which God attested his sanctity 526 CHAPTER XXXVI. At the worst, it was only the scaffolding by which the temple of perfection was raised. Even where he is not that, he may generally be trusted, as he was a Boswell in collecting facts. Alphonsus, assisted by divine grace, did not disappoint his father's care. Raised in a pious home, Alphonsus went on retreats with his father, Don Joseph, who was a naval officer and a captain of the Royal Galleys. So the Saint was cut off from his own Order by the Pope who was to declare him "Venerable". Now the saint has a very great momentum indeed, and a spoiled saint is often a great villain. He fed the poor, instructed the ignorant, reorganized his seminary, reformed his convents, created a new spirit in his clergy, banished scandalous noblemen and women of evil life with equal impartiality, brought the study of theology and especially of moral theology into honour, and all the time was begging pope after pope to let him resign his office because he was doing nothing for his diocese. But when the question was put to the community, opposition began. The crisis arose in this way. He started again, recruited new members, and in 1743 became the prior of two new congregations, one for men and one for women. Alphonsus's father, Don Joseph de' Liguori was a naval officer and Captain of the Royal Galleys. I have been mistaken. If you donate just $5.00, the price of your coffee, Catholic Online School could keep thriving. He continued to live with the Redemptorist community in Pagani, Italy, where he died on 1 August 1787. In 1762, there was no escape and he was constrained by formal obedience to the Pope to accept the Bishopric of St. Agatha of the Goths, a very small Neapolitan diocese lying a few miles off the road from Naples to Capua. Lord, When Did We See You Hungry or Thirsty or a Stranger or Naked or Ill or in Prison? He came from a wealthy family in Naples, Italy, and had every advantage in life from the moment he was born in 1696. He remained thunderstruck for a moment; then said in a broken voice: "You are right. He had a pleasant smile, and his conversation was very agreeable, yet he had great dignity of manner. Ever mindful of his own sins, Saint Alphonsus saw prayer for the faithful departed as one of the chief duties of Christian charity. Castle, H. (1907). [10] He was proficient in the arts, his parents having had him trained by various masters, and he was a musician, painter, poet and author at the same time. As he did not die till 1808 (his work appeared in 1799) he was a companion of the Saint for over forty years and an eyewitness of much that he relates. [19], His Mariology, though mainly pastoral in nature, rediscovered, integrated and defended that of St Augustine of Hippo, St Ambrose of Milan and other fathers; it represented an intellectual defence of Mariology in the 18th century, the Age of Enlightenment, against the rationalism to which contrasted his fervent Marian devotion.[20]. Of extraordinary passive states, such as rapture, there are not many instances recorded in his life, though there are some. He was taught by tutors before entering the University of Naples, where he graduated with doctorates in civil and canon law at 16. He died on the very eve of the great Revolution which was to sweep the persecutors away, having seen in vision the woes which the French invasion of 1798 was to bring on Naples. The Neapolitan stage at this time was in a good state, but the Saint had from his earliest years an ascetic repugnance to theatres, a repugnance which he never lost. [11], Liguori was consecrated Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti in 1762. He often writes as a Neapolitan to Neapolitans. Even the baleful shadow of Voltaire falls across the Saint's life, for Alphonsus wrote to congratulate him on a conversion, which alas, never took place! From his earliest years he had an anxious fear about committing sin which passed at times into scruple. Alphonsus Mary Antony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori was born in his father's country house at Marianella near Naples, on Tuesday, 27 September, 1696. MIRACLES RELATED BY ST. ALPHONSUS LIGUORI from his book The Glories of Mary Some persons, boasting of being free from prejudices, take great credit to themselves for believing no miracles but those recorded in the holy scriptures, esteeming all others as tales and fables for foolish women. Though St. Alphonsus was founder and de facto head of the Institute, its general direction in the beginning, as well as the direction of Alphonsus's conscience, was undertaken by the Bishop of Castellamare and it was not till the latter's death, 20 April, 1743, that a general chapter was held and the Saint was formally elected Superior-General. In December, 1724, he received minor orders, and the subdiaconate in September, 1725. Our founder, St. Alphonsus Liguori | The National Shrine of St. John So indeed it proved. Alphonsus was preaching missions in the rural areas and writing. His friend the Grand Almoner betrayed him; his two envoys for negotiating with the Grand Almoner, Fathers Majone and Cimino, betrayed him, consultors general though they were. He had a love for the lower animals, and wild creatures who fled from all else would come to him as to a friend. Nihil Obstat. A final attempt to gain the royal approval, which seemed as if at last it had been successful, led to the crowning sorrow of Alphonsus's life: the division and apparent ruin of his Congregation and the displeasure of the Holy See. He thought his mistake would be ascribed not to oversight but to deliberate deceit. "[17][18], Liguori's greatest contribution to the Catholic Church was in the area of moral theology. Alphonsus said nothing in his "Moral Theology" which is not the common teaching of Catholic theologians. Alphonsus left the Hospital and went to the church of the Redemption of Captives. The Saint only wept in silence and tried in vain to devise some means by which his Order might be saved. [6], He became a successful lawyer. APA citation. Prayer to Jesus Christ to Obtain His Holy Love - I Am Jesus First Station: Jesus is condemned to death, Saint of the Day for Saturday, March 4th, 2023, Sixth Station: Veronica wipes the face of Jesus, Eighth Station: Jesus meets the women of Jerusalem. Saint Alphonsus Liguori | EWTN It was this which gave St. Alphonsus the bent head which we notice in the portraits of him. According to him, those were paths closed to the Gospel because "such rigour has never been taught nor practised by the Church". He was somewhat worldly and ambitious, at any rate for his son, and was rough tempered when opposed. Addeddate Perhaps in any case the submission of their Rule to a suspicious and even hostile civil power was a mistake. He said: "I have never preached a sermon which the poorest old woman in the congregation could not understand". By 1777, the Saint, in addition to four houses in Naples and one in Sicily, had four others at Scifelli, Frosinone, St. Angelo a Cupolo, and Beneventum, in the States of the Church. The immediate author of what was practically a lifelong persecution of the Saint was the Marquis Tanucci, who entered Naples in 1734. If we except a few poems published in 1733 (the Saint was born in 1696), his first work, a tiny volume called "Visits to the Blessed Sacrament", only appeared in 1744 or 1745, when he was nearly fifty years old. For thirteen years Alphonsus fed the poor, instructed families, reorganized the seminary and religious houses, taught theology, and wrote. St. Alphonsus Liguori - Tumblar House Catholic Books He felt as if his career was ruined, and left the court almost beside himself, saying: "World, I know you now. Since its publication, it has remained in Latin, often in 10 volumes or in the combined 4-volume version of Gaud. The wine had changed into blood; clotted and separated into 5 different sized clots. Castle, Harold. His system of moral theology is noted for its prudence, avoiding both laxism and excessive rigour. Unfortunately, he was not obliged by his confessor, in virtue of holy obedience, as St. Teresa was, to write down his states of prayer; so we do not know precisely what they were. I therefore repeat: If the divine teaching authority of the Church, and the obedience to it, are rejected, every error will be endorsed and must be tolerated. As it was, he was refused the royal exequatur to the Brief of Benedict XIV, and State recognition of his Institute as a religious congregation till the day of his death. [10] He tried to refuse the appointment by using his age and infirmities as arguments against his consecration. Testa, the Grand Almoner, even to have his Rule approved. Other personal friends of Alphonsus were the Jesuit Fathers de Matteis, Zaccaria, and Nonnotte. The English translation in the Oratory Series is also rather inadequate. I will love you all my life. This has recently been translated into English with additions and corrections (Dublin, 2 vols., royal SVO); DUMORTIER, Les premihres Redemptoristines (Lille, 1886), and Le Phre Antoine-Marie Tannoia (Paris, 1902), contain some useful information; as does BERRUTI, Lo Spirito di S. Alfonso Maria de Liguori, 3 ed. Daily Reading for Sunday, March 5th, 2023, Continue reading about St. Alphonsus Marie Liguori, Almsgiving, Prayer, and Fasting: The Three Pillars of Lent. This occurred twice. Alphonsus, having got so much, hoped to get a little more, and through his friend, Mgr. Blessed Clement Hofbauer joined the Redemptorist congregation in the aged Saint's lifetime, though Alphonsus never saw in the flesh the man whom he knew would be the second founder of his Order. It happened that Alphonsus, ill and overworked, had gone with some companions to Scala in the early summer of 1730. Both of them were canonized on the same day as the Holy Doctor, 26 May, 1839. With Don Carlos, or as he is generally called, Charles III, from his later title as King of Spain, came the lawyer, Bernard Tanucci, who governed Naples as Prime Minister and regent for the next forty-two years. Learn interesting facts and tidbits about the beloved St. Patrick. Yet, to take anger alone, though comparatively early in life he seemed dead to insult or injury which affected himself, in cases of cruelty, or of injustice to others, or of dishonour to God, he showed a prophet's indignation even in old age. [5], By May 1775, Alphonus was "deaf, blind, and laden with so many infirmities, that he has no longer even the appearance of a man", and his resignation was accepted by the recently crowned Pope Pius VI. Saint Alphonsus Liguori (1696-1787) was a Neapolitan who founded the Redemptorist Order of priests, a congregation dedicated to providing parish missions, especially to the poor in rural areas. Alphonsus the Patron. In 1731, while he was ministering to earthquake victims in the town of Foggia, Alphonsus said he had a vision of the Virgin Mother in the appearance of a young girl of 13 or 14, wearing a white veil. The Saint's own letters are of extreme value in supplementing Tannoia. He who ruled and directed others so wisely, had, where his own soul was concerned, to depend on obedience like a little child. "The life of St. Alphonsus Maria de Liguori" (1855)John Murphy & Co., Baltimore, 1855, "Saint Alphonsus Maria de Liguori", St. Alphonsus Liguori Parish, Peterborough, Ontario, The life of St. Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Bishop of St. Agatha of the Goths and founder of the Congregation of the Holy Redeemer, Tannoja, Antonio (d. 1808), John Murphy & Co. (1855), "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Alphonsus Liguori", "Alphonsus Maria de Liguori", Saint Alphonsus Mary de Liguori Parish, Makati City Philippines, "1st English Translation of St. Alphonsus Liguori's Moral Theology", https://www.avemarialynnfield.org/sites/g/files/zjfyce466/files/2021-01/Stations-of-the-Cross-St-Liguori.pdf, Liguori, Alphonsus. Alphonsus Liguori, Saint | Catholic Answers The saints are not inhuman but real men of flesh and blood, however much some hagiographers may ignore the fact. There can be little doubt but that the young Alphonsus with his high spirits and strong character was ardently attached to his profession, and on the way to be spoilt by the success and popularity which it brought. An English translation in five volumes is included in the 22 volumes of the American centenary edition of St. Alphonsus's ascetical works (New York). The Saint Alphonsus de Liguori Collection [30 Books] Saint Alphonsus Liguori; Revelation Delivered Through Frances Marie Klug No doubt Thomas Falcoia had for some time hoped that the ardent young priest, who was so devoted to him, might, under his direction, be the founder of the new Order he had at heart. (27 September 1696 - 1 August 1787), was an Italian Catholic bishop, spiritual writer, composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher, and theologian. Quite recently, a duet composed by him, between the Soul and God, was found in the British Museum bearing the date 1760 and containing a correction in his own handwriting. St. Alphonsus Liguori, in full Saint Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Alphonsus also spelled Alfonso, (born September 27, 1696, Marianella, Kingdom of Naples [Italy]died August 1, 1787, Pagani; canonized 1839; feast day August 1), Italian doctor of the church, one of the chief 18th-century moral theologians, and founder of the Redemptorists, a congregation dedicated primarily to parish and foreign missions. [2][3], He was born in Marianella, near Naples, then part of the Kingdom of Naples, on 27 September 1696. Patron saint of: people with arthritis, lawyers, vocations. Contact information. Here St. Alphonsus teaches that those who refuse to bow to the will of God only double their afflictions. The childish fault for which he most reproached himself in after-life was resisting his father too strongly when he was told to take part in a drawing-room play. Soon after, Falcoia made known to the latter his vocation to leave Naples and establish an order of missionaries at Scala, who should work above all for the neglected goatherds of the mountains. On the other hand, ever since the Fall of Man, the will of man has been his greatest danger. He called his system Equiprobabilism. In response, Alphonsus dedicated himself to the religious life, even while suffering persecution from his family. He finally agreed to become a priest but to live at home as a member of a group of secular missionaries. The Saint had four houses, but during his lifetime it not only became impossible in the Kingdom of Naples to get any more, but even the barest toleration for those he had could scarcely be obtained. (London, 1904). He was also a poet and musician. Alphonsus agreed to both requests and set out with his two friends, John Mazzini and Vincent Mannarini, in September, 1730. Tannoia, also, through some mental idiosyncrasy, manages to give the misleading impression that St. Alphonsus was severe. St. Alphonsus, however, did not in all things follow their teaching, especially on one point much debated in the schools; namely, whether we may in practice follow an opinion which denies a moral obligation, when the opinion which affirms a moral obligation seems to us to be altogether more probable. Any unauthorized use, without prior written consent of Catholic Online is strictly forbidden and prohibited. He had even tried to form a branch of the Institute by uniting twelve priests in a common life at Tarentum, but the community soon broke up. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Saint Alphonsus Liguori: Doctor of the Church - TAN Books There was a considerable difference in age between the two men, for Falcoia, born in 1663, was now sixty-six, and Alphonsus only thirty-three, but the old priest and the young had kindred souls. Here he discovered more than thirty thousand uninstructed men and women and four hundred indifferent priests. By AClarke625. Finally, St. Alphonsus was a wonderful letter-writer, and the mere salvage of his correspondence amounts to 1,451 letters, filling three large volumes. Filingeri, was made Archbishop of Naples, the Saint would not write to congratulate the new primate, even at the risk of making another powerful enemy for his persecuted Congregation, because he thought he could not honestly say he "was glad to hear of the appointment." Moral Theology (also known as the Theologia Moralis) is a nine-volume work concerning Catholic moral theology written between 1748 and 1785 by Alphonsus Liguori, a Catholic theologian and Doctor of the Church.This work is not to be confused with Theologia moralis universa ad mentem S. Alphonsi, a 19th-century treatise by Pietro Scavini written in the philosophical tradition of Alphonsus Liguori. Moral Theology (Liguori) - Wikipedia This involves expressing our faith in Christ and in His Presence in the Eucharist, and asking Him to unite Himself with us. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. At the age of sixteen, on 21 January, 1713, he took his degree as Doctor of Laws, although twenty was the age fixed by the statutes. But he was a man of genuine faith and piety and stainless life, and he meant his son to be the same. In fact, despite his youth, he seems at the age of twenty-seven to have been one of the leaders of the Neapolitan Bar. What are Revelations? See also HASSALL, The Balance of Power (1715-89) (London, 1901); COLLETTA, History of the Kingdom of Naples, 1734-1825, 2 vols., tr. "St. Alphonsus Liguori". But before he called a witness the opposing counsel said to him in chilling tones: "Your arguments are wasted breath. He could never have said Mass again had not an Augustinian prior shown him how to support himself on a chair so that with the assistance of an acolyte he could raise the chalice to his lips. When he heard from her of the devotion of the Rosary, which she practiced, and the letter she had received, he ordered all the others to repeatit, and it is related that this monastery became a paradise. . It is a matter for friendly controversy, but it seems there was a real difference, though not as great in practice as is supposed, between the Saint's later teaching and that current in the Society. The other was not to be long delayed. He founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, known as the Redemptorists, in November 1732. The answer is that God kept him humble by interior trials. The Decree of 1779, however, seemed a great step in advance. He said himself that he was so small at the time as to be almost buried in his doctor's gown and that all the spectators laughed.
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