At 268,596 square miles (695,660km2), and with more than 30 million residents in 2022,[10][11][12] it is the second-largest U.S. state by both area (after Alaska) and population (after California). [319] A popular food item, the breakfast burrito, draws from all three, having a soft flour tortilla wrapped around bacon and scrambled eggs or other hot, cooked fillings. But this time Gov. [80] New laws also called for the enforcement of customs duties angering native Mexican citizens (Tejanos) and recent immigrants alike. Following the Texas Revolution, the Texans chose to make peace with their Native peoples but did not honor former land claims or agreements[citation needed]. Please note this figure refers to only the number of students paddled, regardless of whether a student was spanked multiple times in a year, and does not refer to the number of instances of corporal punishment, which would be substantially higher. [208] Texas has the largest number of people living in colonias of all states. Three scheduled routes serve the state: the daily Texas Eagle (ChicagoSan Antonio); the tri-weekly Sunset Limited (New OrleansLos Angeles), with stops in Texas; and the daily Heartland Flyer (Fort WorthOklahoma City). It has a total undergraduate enrollment of 56,723 (fall 2021), its setting is city, and the campus size is 5,200 acres. This makes it the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. [457], While American football has long been considered "king" in the state, Texans enjoy a wide variety of sports.[458]. In early 1835, wary Texians formed Committees of Correspondence and Safety. The DallasFort Worth metropolitan area is the largest in Texas. After these decisive victories, the United States invaded Mexican territory, ending the fighting in Texas. [434][435], Although Texas was essentially a one-party state during this time and the Democratic primary was viewed as "the real election", the Democratic Party had conservative and liberal factions, which became more pronounced after the New Deal. [113] Juneteenth commemorates the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation in Galveston by General Gordon Granger, almost two and a half years after the original announcement. After starting all 14 games for Michigan in 2021 and injuring his knee three games into 2022, Cade McNamara looks at his move to Iowa as a fresh start. Preseason SP+ rankings for all 133 FBS teams. As of 2020, six Texas cities had populations greater than 600,000 people. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tysha (/taja/) 'friend', was applied, in the spelling Tejas or Texas,[21][22][23][1] by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, specifically the Hasinai Confederacy,[24] the final -s representing the Spanish plural. Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Len, and Tamaulipas to the south and southwest; and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast. These flat, low prairies extend inland to form a fertile crescent that is well adapted to farming and cattle raising. Most cities in the state, those over 5,000 in population, have home-rule governments. The second half of the show kicks off with South Carolina women's basketball coach Dawn Staley, who reacts to beating LSU on Sunday and the Eagles losing in the Super Bowl. By the end of the 18th century only a few nomadic tribes had not converted to Christianity. [440] A group of Democratic legislators, the "Texas Eleven", fled the state in a quorum-busting effort to prevent the legislature from acting, but was unsuccessful. [125], In 1901, the Democratic-dominated state legislature passed a bill requiring payment of a poll tax for voting, which effectively disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites and Latinos. [383], The Texas Medical Center in Houston, holds the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions, with over 50 member institutions. [197], The state has three cities with populations exceeding one million: Houston, San Antonio, and Dallas. These changes helped Texas universities receive federal research funds. The population of the new state was quite small at first, and there was a strong mix between the English-speaking American settlers who dominated in the state's eastern/northeastern portions and the Spanish-speaking former Mexicans (Tejanos) who dominated in the state's southern and western portions. Corrections? The world's first rodeo was hosted in Pecos, Texas. [360], Trinity University, a private, primarily undergraduate liberal arts university in San Antonio, has ranked first among universities granting primarily bachelor's and select master's degrees in the Western United States for 20 consecutive years by U.S. [77] Most of these early settlers who arrived with Austin and soon after were persons less than fortunate in life, as Texas was devoid of the comforts found elsewhere in Mexico and the United States during that time. Texas was finally annexed when the expansionist James K. Polk won the election of 1844. Counties are not granted home rule status; their powers are strictly defined by state law. [419] Trinity Metro also operates the TEXRail commuter rail line, connecting downtown Fort Worth and Northeast Tarrant County to DFW Airport. Municipal, school district, and special district elections are nonpartisan,[214] though the party affiliation of a candidate may be well-known. Texians met at the Convention of 1832 to discuss requesting independent statehood, among other issues. Still have questions? [citation needed], The state is a leader in renewable energy commercialization; it produces the most wind power in the nation. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry. The pupil/teacher ratio was 14.9, below the national average of 15.3. This is the buried crest of the Appalachian MountainsOuachita Mountains zone of Pennsylvanian continental collision. Nondenominational and interdenominational Christians were the second largest Evangelical group (7%) followed by Pentecostals (4%). Greg Abbott says no lockdown is coming", "Texas, Florida and South Dakota governors refuse lockdowns as coronavirus resurges", "Texas among states chosen to test Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine distribution", "Explained: How a winter storm caused widespread blackouts in energy-rich Texas", "Miserable winter weather is still hitting Texas and now it's spreading to the East Coast", "ERCOT calls for rotating outages as extreme winter weather forces generating units offline", "Texas was "seconds and minutes" away from catastrophic monthslong blackouts, officials say", "Texas Republicans criticized for misleading claims that renewable energy sources caused massive outages", "With half of Texas under a boil water notice, state efforts shift to emerging water crisis", "How Big is Texas Compared to Countries Around the World? [210][211], Although Texas permits cities and counties to enter "interlocal agreements" to share services, the state does not allow consolidated city-county governments, nor does it have metropolitan governments. [335] The city's music revolves around the nightclubs on 6th Street; events like the film, music, and multimedia festival South by Southwest; the longest-running concert music program on American television, Austin City Limits; and the Austin City Limits Music Festival held in Zilker Park. [345], The state's two most widely recognized flagship universities are The University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M University, ranked as the 21st[346] and 41st[347] best universities in the nation according to 2020's latest Center for World University Rankings report, respectively. Senators. [271] Texas is one of seven states that lack a state income tax. Near the coast much land is marshy, almost swamp, except where drained by man-made devices. [420] The A-train commuter rail line, operated by DCTA, acts as an extension of the DART Green line into Denton County. [337] The Tejano Music Awards have provided a forum to create greater awareness and appreciation for Tejano music and culture. [29][27] It was incorporated as provincia de Texas into the Mexican Empire in 1821, and declared a republic in 1836. [225], In 2014, there were an estimated 1.7 million undocumented immigrants in Texas, making up 35% of the total Texas immigrant population and 6.1% of the total state population. [207], Texas has 254 counties, which is more than any other state by 95 (Georgia). The shoreline shifted again to the eastern margin of the state and the Gulf of Mexico's passive margin began to form. Beyond that escarpment lies the third largest region of Texas, the High Plains country, and to the south lies the Trans-Pecos region. Plans for a privately funded high-speed rail line between Dallas and Houston have been planned by the Texas Central Railway company. [240] Following continued population growth among people of color since the 2020 census alongside the 2022 Buffalo, NY mass shooting,[241] concerns about racial and ethnic tensions were highlighted in some Texas newspapers regarding the extremist Great Replacement theory.[242][243]. [284], As of January 1, 2021, Texas has proved recoverable petroleum reserves of about 15.6 billion barrels (2.48109m3) of crude oil (44% of the known U.S. reserves) and 9.5 billion barrels (1.51109m3) of natural gas liquids. Tropical storms have also caused their share of damage: Allison in 1989 and again during 2001, Claudette in 1979, and Tropical Storm Imelda in 2019.[188][189][190]. [270][447], Since 1980, most Texas voters have supported Republican presidential candidates. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [40] The United States obtained Louisiana following the 1803 Louisiana Purchase. Austin, Fort Worth, and El Paso are among the 20 largest U.S. cities. [368], Notwithstanding the concentration of elite medical centers in the state, The Commonwealth Fund ranks the Texas healthcare system the third worst in the nation. [103] On December 29, 1845, the U.S. Congress admitted Texas to the U.S. as a constituent state of the Union.[104]. Set up your free account on TxT, the states official government assistant, and it will remind you when its time to renew. In this region lies the flat, dry area known as the Llano Estacado (Staked Plain). [394] Texas has 33 foreign trade zones (FTZ), the most in the nation. Huge", "Physical Regions of Texas | Texas Almanac", "Texas Ecoregions Texas Parks & Wildlife Department", "Is Texas Southern, Western, or Truly a Lone Star? [349][350] The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) ranks the state's public universities into three distinct tiers:[351], Texas's alternative affirmative action plan, Texas House Bill 588, guarantees Texas students who graduated in the top 10 percent of their high school class automatic admission to state-funded universities. [153], During February 1317, 2021, the state faced a major weather emergency as Winter Storm Uri hit the state, as well as most of the Southeastern and Midwestern United States. [152] As of February 2, 2021, there had been over 2.4 million confirmed cases in Texas, with at least 37,417 deaths. [113] Union troops briefly occupied the state's primary port, Galveston. It is difficult to say who lived in the northwestern region of the state originally. state. 1 producer of greenhouse gases", "Living, and coughing, downwind of Texas smoke stacks", "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2006 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006", "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Totals: 20102019", "The Texas Urban Triangle: Framework for Future Growth", "Distance Houston to Dallas Air line, driving route, midpoint", "Colonias FAQ's (Frequently Asked Questions)", Impoverished border town grows from shacks into community, "Run for Party Nomination to Public Office", "County Elections Partisan or Non-Partisan? STAAR assess students' attainment of reading, writing, mathematics, science, and social studies skills required under Texas education standards and the No Child Left Behind Act. [220] In 2010, Texas had a census population of 25,145,561. Mainline Protestants in contrast made up 15% of Protestant Texas. [404] Southwest Airlines, headquartered in Dallas, has its operations at Dallas Love Field.[405]. The state's numerous oil tycoons are also a popular pop culture topic as seen in the hit TV series Dallas. EXPERIENCE TEXAS A&M VIRTUAL TOURS Hosted by the Howdy Crew, small groups can explore campus from a distance. [414] The first railroad to enter Texas from the north, completed in 1872, was the MissouriKansasTexas Railroad. [107], They also brought or purchased enslaved African Americans, whose numbers tripled in the state from 1850 to 1860, from 58,000 to 182,566. Weve also added extra security steps to confirm your identity and make sure your account stays safe. [438][439] Commentators have also attributed the shift to Republican political consultant Karl Rove, who managed numerous political campaigns in Texas in the 1980s and 1990s. From the High Plains country of West Texas emerged many of the legends of Texas weather and of the Texas cowboy. The most common accent or dialect spoken by natives throughout Texas is sometimes referred to as Texan English, which itself is a sub-variety of a broader category of American English known as Southern American English. From here, we'll guide you to online services, resources, and information around our great state. "[48] Cabeza de Vaca also made observations about the way of life of the Ignaces Natives of Texas: They went about with a firebrand, setting fire to the plains and timber so as to drive off the mosquitos, and also to get lizards and similar things which they eat, to come out of the soil. Discover Texas A&M's time-honored traditions. [263] The state ranks 22nd among U.S. states with a median household income of $64,034, while the poverty rate is 14.2%, making Texas the state with 14th highest poverty rate in the United States (compared to 13.15% nationally). [393], The state is an important transportation hub. [422], Amtrak provides Texas with limited intercity passenger rail service. Francisco Vzquez de Coronado describes his 1541 encounter: Two kinds of people travel around these plains with the cows; one is called Querechos and the others Teyas; they are very well built, and painted, and are enemies of each other. [115][116], Texas descended into anarchy for two months between the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia and the assumption of authority by Union General Gordon Granger. [185] Tornadoes in Texas generally occur in the months of April, May, and June. [163], Texas has 3,700 named streams and 15 major rivers,[164][165] with the Rio Grande as the largest. Especially from this period on, blacks left Texas in the Great Migration to get work in the Northern United States or California and to escape the oppression of segregation. [322][323], The internationally known slogan "Don't Mess with Texas" began as an anti-littering advertisement. [397] To fund recent growth in the state highways, Texas has 17 toll roads (see list) with several additional tollways proposed. The state became notorious as a haven for people from other parts of the country who wanted to escape debt, war tensions, or other problems. Of the undocumented immigrant population, 951,000 have resided in Texas from less than 5 up to 14 years. [196] Causes of the state's vast greenhouse gas emissions include the state's large number of coal power plants and the state's refining and manufacturing industries. After this period, they supported Republicans for local and state offices as well, and most whites became Republican Party members. Several Spanish missions were opened in Caddo territory, but a lack of interest in Christianity among the Caddo meant conversions were few in number. The continental crust forms a stable Mesoproterozoic craton which changes across a broad continental margin and transitional crust into true oceanic crust of the Gulf of Mexico. The state of New Mexico lies to the west. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is the largest nontrinitarian Christian group in Texas alongside the Jehovah's Witnesses.[255]. Please note: you must have a Texas driver license or ID to create your account. Many wide, flat riverbeds in the region remain dry most of the year, but they can become sluiceways for flash floods. [83] They took advantage of the lack of oversight to agitate for more political freedom. The first grant, to Moses Austin, was passed to his son Stephen F. Austin after his death. U.S. The state extends nearly 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from north to south and about the same distance from east to west. It was ultimately, though, the discovery of major petroleum deposits (Spindletop in particular) that initiated an economic boom that became the driving force behind the economy for much of the 20th century. Massage therapistand massage instructor license renewal, Now that you've learned a little more about TxT,head over to, You can also download the official TxT mobile app from the, To access other Texas.gov online services, visit the, Texas Records and Information Locator (TRAIL), Say hello to your new personal, portable government assistant, Create a secure account thats unique to you, Make TxT smarter with your personalized profile and account settings, Stay on track with your to-do list and proactive reminders, Take care of your government transactions in a snap, Driver license/ID/CDL renewal or replacement. [244] Reportedly, Cherokee is the most widely spoken Native American language in Texas. The post Who Was Sen. Matthew Gaines? Drawl", A Linguistic and Cultural Comparison of Haitian Creole and Louisiana Creole, "American Community Survey 2020 Languages Spoken at Home Estimates", "American Community Survey 2021 Detailed Household Language Estimates", "Tagalog in California, Cherokee in Arkansas: What language does your state speak? The DallasFort Worth and Houston metropolitan areas number about 7.5 million and 7 million residents as of 2019, respectively. [172], A wide range of animals and insects live in Texas. [385] The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston is a highly regarded academic institution that centers around cancer patient care, research, education and prevention. For other uses, see, "Texan" redirects here. Learn More A fierce rivalry, the Lone Star Showdown, also exists between the state's two largest universities, Texas A&M University and the University of Texas at Austin. Texas railway length peaked in 1932 at 17,078 miles (27,484km), but declined to 14,006 miles (22,540km) by 2000. Once you have your account set up just the way you like it, TxT makes taking care of these Texas to-dosa breeze: Now that you've learned a little more about TxT,head over to txt.texas.gov to create your account or login if you already have one. Four of the state's universities, the Baylor Bears, Texas Longhorns, TCU Horned Frogs, and Texas Tech Red Raiders, compete in the Big 12 Conference. [195] As an independent state, Texas would rank as the world's seventh-largest producer of greenhouse gases. The boundary between New Spain and the United States was finally set at the Sabine River in 1819, at what is now the border between Texas and Louisiana. (2020) 29,145,505; (2022 est.) Hagler Institute Inducts Its Largest Class Of Fellows During 11th Annual Gala At Texas A&M, Chillennium 2023 Draws Aspiring Game Designers From Across The Country For 48 Hours Of Fun. This has cost the state billions of dollars in livestock and crops. [440] Legal challenges to the redistricting reached the national Supreme Court in the case League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry (2006), but the court ruled in favor of the state (and Republicans). As with some other states before, the lumber industry quickly expanded in Texas and was its largest industry before the beginning of the 20th century. Texas leads the nation in total net electricity production, generating 437,236 MWh in 2014, 89% more MWh than Florida, which ranked second. [73] Under the Mexican immigration system, large swathes of land were allotted to empresarios, who recruited settlers from the United States, Europe, and the Mexican interior. The post Hagler Institute Inducts Its Largest Class Of Fellows During 11th Annual Gala At Texas A&M appeared first on Texas A&M Today. Because such intrusions are rare, and, perhaps, unexpected, they may result in crises such as the 2021 Texas power crisis. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [311][312] Fort Worth hosts both Lockheed Martin's Aeronautics division and Bell Helicopter Textron. The largest Evangelical Baptists in the state were the Southern Baptist Convention (9%) and independent Baptists (3%). [61] In 1749, the Spanish peace treaty with the Lipan Apache angered many tribes,[62] including the Comanche, Tonkawa, and Hasinai. [318], Historically, Texas culture comes from a blend of Southern (Dixie), Western (frontier), and Southwestern (Mexican/Anglo fusion) influences, varying in degrees of such from one intrastate region to another. Spending a little time personalizing your TxT account now will pay off later. [369] Texas ranks close to last in access to healthcare, quality of care, avoidable hospital spending, and equity among various groups. Texas voters approved this Ordinance on February 23, 1861. The DallasFort Worth metroplex is one of only twelve American metropolitan areas that host sports teams from all the "Big Four" professional leagues. SCHEDULE A VIRTUAL TOUR YOU ARE HERE! Department of Motor Vehicles (TxDMV), Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS), and Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (TDLR). Now there's an even easier, faster, and more secure way for Texans to take care of government to-dos - like driver license and vehicle registration renewals - anytime, anywhere, and on any device. Create your account now at txt.texas.gov. [255][253] Adherents of many other religions reside predominantly in the urban centers of Texas. Four of the state's schools claim at least one national championship in football: the Texas Longhorns, the Texas A&M Aggies, the TCU Horned Frogs, and the SMU Mustangs. [264], As of May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the state's unemployment rate was 13 percent. The term "six flags over Texas" refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. TxT also helps you avoid the uh oh, I forgot" momentsby sending proactive emails and text reminders when its time to take action. [436] Additionally, several factions of the party briefly split during the 1930s and 1940s. [278], Texas leads the nation in the production of cattle, horses, sheep, goats, wool, mohair and hay. It became the 28th state of the union in 1845. [388][389], Both the American Heart Association and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center call Dallas home. The Texas Education Agency (TEA) administers the state's public school systems. [169], The late Paleozoic mountains collapsed as rifting in the Jurassic period began to open the Gulf of Mexico. In the same manner they kill deer, encircling them with fires, and they do it also to deprive the animals of pasture, compelling them to go for food where the Indians want.[49]. Heres What They Said. [407][408] The next five largest airports in the state all serve more than three million passengers annually; they include Austin-Bergstrom International Airport, William P. Hobby Airport, San Antonio International Airport, Dallas Love Field and El Paso International Airport. "Far West Texas" or the "Trans-Pecos" region is the state's Basin and Range Province. [410] Texas ports connect with the rest of the U.S. Atlantic seaboard with the Gulf section of the Intracoastal Waterway. Hardy by nature, but also suitable for slaughtering and consumption, they represented an economic opportunity many entrepreneurs seized upon, thus creating the cowboy culture for which Texas is famous. The culture in Texas during the later 19th century exhibited many facets of a frontier territory. Texas A&M University-San Antonio provides an accessible and collaborative learning environment. They have acted as riot police and as detectives, protected the Texas governor, tracked down fugitives, and functioned as a paramilitary force both for the republic and for the state. [86] The unrest erupted into armed conflict in late 1835 at the Battle of Gonzales. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics: Texas", "Texas Online: Muslim growth adds to Texas diversity", "Jewish Population in the United States by State", Religion and public life in the southern crossroads: showdown states, "Dallas Museum Lands a Rich Trove of Islamic Art", "Gross Domestic Product by State, Annual 2021-Q3", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "Texas has an eye-popping number of millionaire households", "Why does Texas (Taxus) have the highest property taxes and 3rd highest sales tax? [195] As of 2017[update] the state emits about 1,600billion pounds (707million metric tons) of carbon dioxide annually. [94] The new government joined the other settlers in Texas in the Runaway Scrape, fleeing from the approaching Mexican army. 2022 season schedule, scores, stats, and highlights. [387] The University of Texas Health Science Center is another highly ranked research and educational institution in San Antonio. Blog Midterm Musings. Find out the latest on your favorite NCAAF teams on CBSSports.com. [327][328][329] Texas was the largest U.S. state until Alaska became a state in 1959. [413], The first railroad to operate in Texas was the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway, opening in August 1853. The storm stalled over land for a very long time, allowing it to drop unprecedented amounts of rain over the Greater Houston area and surrounding counties. The image of Texas was that of a raw and lawless frontier when it relinquished its independence to become a state. [359], The state is home to various private institutions of higher learningranging from liberal arts colleges to a nationally recognized top-tier research university. The final battle of the Civil War was fought at Palmito Ranch, near Brownsville, Texas, and saw a Confederate victory. [203], Three interstate highwaysI-35 to the west (DallasFort Worth to San Antonio, with Austin in between), I-45 to the east (Dallas to Houston), and I-10 to the south (San Antonio to Houston) define the Texas Urban Triangle region. El Paso, on the western end of the state, averages 8.7 inches (220mm) of annual rainfall,[178] while parts of southeast Texas average as much as 64 inches (1,600mm) per year. Texas is commonly divided into East and West, although the dividing line between the two is ambiguous.
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