c. interneurons make inhibitory connections with damaged neurons. C. cell body. Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? b. ANS stimulation of involuntary effectors is always excitatory. The interior of a neuron is composed of cytoplasm and a gel that is called. d. acetylcholine. c. olfactory information. A genetic mutation caused by an error in replicating or repairing a gene is called: Which of the following mechanisms is most significant in returning Na+ and K+ concentrations to resting ionic conditions (from point D to point E)? C) negatively charged and contains more sodium. D. Association Central Nervous System. 29. c. basal ganglia. Like the heart, lungs, and stomach, the nervous system is made up of specialized cells. b. Sensory afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. B) dendrite Which of the following would be most likely to increase heart rate? D) astrocytes, Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? a. Pupil dilation c) Myelinated axons utilize fewer, Which of the following statements does not accurately desoribe a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system? Why? D) glial cell, Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. 11. Begin by sketching the contour. a. impair memory. D) ligand-gated channel, An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. B) excitatory potential New three-photon miniature microscopes open the study of neuronal networks to those deep in the brains of behaving animals. a. messenger ribonucleic acid. Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps. (a) Voltage-gated calcium channels open (b) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors (c) Action potential arrives at axon terminal (d) Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft (e) Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft (f) Graded potential generated in postsynaptic cell, (c) Action potential arrives at axon terminal (a) Voltage-gated calcium channels open (e) Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft (b) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors (f) Graded potential generated in postsynaptic cell (d) Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft. nervous system. C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings c. Hypoglossal nerve b. Ventral root d. ventral root. The cell bodies of the upper motor neurons are located in the spinal cord B. What process does this interfere with and what would be the consequence? 79. c. that a person is genetically male. O They generate very fast O They are long when compared to other cells in the body O They help carry oxygen to different body parts O They do not have a nucleus. 69. Motor afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. However, the electrical impulses cannot pass directly from a nerve cell to the skeletal muscle cells to excite them. Neuroglia found in the CNS that bind axons and blood vessels to each other are called ________. d. increase the density of dendritic spines. A) Specific sodium gates will open. B) Ions always move passively across membranes. 14. Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. a. C) opens K+ or Cl- channels In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? Has component cells designed for conductivity b. As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. c. It is avascular. a. increase the activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. ________ are found in the CNS and bind axons and blood vessels to each other. Sensory and motor divisions. The axon hillock is located: Extrapyramidal side effects produced by antipsychotic drugs are similar to the symptoms of: A . That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system. Increased diameter results in increased surface area on the membrane for sodium channels. 67. A drug that reduces the activity of the amygdala would likely: The parasympathetic division includes the splanchnic nerves. a. increase the activity of reactive astrocytes. Expert Answer. Name two amino acid neurotransmitters, two catecholamines, and two peptides. Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells. Select the correct statement regarding synapses. What distinguishes nerve cells and other excitable membranes (e.g., muscle cells) is that they are capable of changing their resting potential. a. 5. Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? It also affects your cerebellum, the part of your brain that controls movement and balance. Which of the following would NOT be an example of having an activated sympathetic Melatonin is released from the: What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways? The part of the neuron responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses is the A. dendrite. d. temporal lobe. c. The output (. c. Extrapyramidal System formation. b. Microglial cells A person suffering from an inability to speak the word she intends to say, sometimes a. The presence of at least one Y chromosome indicates: The parts of neurons that receive information from other neurons are called: 4. c. provide the defense for the CNS. described as having a word on the tip of your tongue, might have abnormal functioning in the: a) ion b) cholinesterase c) neurotransmitter d) biogenic amine. Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? c. sensory and motor neurons that su. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the myelin sheaths are destroyed. a. Amygdala Which of the following surrounds PNS neurons and provides support? Multiple Choice. Longevity 2. Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane and allows ions to diffuse across the membrane. The axon c. The dendrites d. The Nissl bodies. b. the person has a disease that affects myelin around axons. In the presence of invading microbes, microglial cells become macrophages to phagocytize the microbes and neuronal debris. Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. b. transcription factors. a. the structure is below the area. These cells have a star-like shape and a central body that contains the . b. thalamus. 12. b. a. reference memory. Which of the following is correct? b. cingulate cortex. b. Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? A) ependymal cells d. neuromuscular junctions. Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue (s). The _________________ facilitates balance and the timing of movements. 8. Relative to the prefrontal cortex, the neuron would be called a(n): Which division of your nervous system is generating this response? Neurons are a type of cell and are part of the nervous system. d. pituitary gland. C) the impulse would spread bidirectionally B. d. gray matter. Identify the neuron type described: A functional neuron type most prevalent in the CNS. c. Proteoglycans c. The patient has a low level of transcription factors. If an experimental drug produced physiological effects similar to nitric oxide, then a Neurons are the cells that make up the brain and the nervous system. a. receives input from sensory neurons b. directs activity of motor neurons that innervate muscles and glands c. contains association neurons within the brain and spinal cord d. conta, Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? a. the classification is based on the number of processes extending from the cell body b. multipolar neurons have several axons and one dendrite c. most neurons in the; Which of the following neurons forms the blood-brain barrier? Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? The Quadratic Formula from Kinematics In this problem we show how the kinematic equations of motion can be used to derive the quadratic formula. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? B) muscle contraction would occur. c. working memory. Friedreich's ataxia is a rare disease that affects your central nervous system. c. a ventricle. D) erratic transmission of nerve impulses, Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? 31. d. reduce cortical arousal. b. Medulla b. increased heart rate. a. Schwann cells b. oligodendrocytes c. astroc, What kind of nerve cells are thought to be helpers for the neurons? 58. A) axon B) dendrite C) neurolemma DI) Schwann cell. A. B) are found on "pathfinder" neurons Just what does pass from the neuron to the muscle cells and, Which neuroglial cell type in the CNS is associated with many functions including support for neurons, forming a blood-brain barrier, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and uptake of K+ and neurotransmitters? Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? a. Doral root A researcher found that a drug increased heart rate. How can potentially poisonous gases like NO and CO be used by the body? a. neuromuscular junction. b. oligodendrocytes. c. cause imbalance. 71. Diminished activation of postganglionic sympathetic neurons If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. 15. The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. 43. b. they prevent axons from re-growing. 53. These neurons are inhibitory neurons, meaning they release neurotransmitters that keep other neurons from firing. b. Interneurons. 62. glia b.) They have extreme longevity. A) positively charged and contains less sodium 42. a. synapses. C) Sodium gates will open first, then close as potassium gates open. likely to occur? C) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. a. Activation of preganglionic sympathetic neurons 25. C. They are mitotic. b. Microglial cells True or False, The overlapping functions of the nervous system are sensory input, integration, and motor output. Immediately after an action potential the potassium gates, being slow gates that do not respond to change in the electrical charge, allow additional K+ ions to flood into the cell. A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. c. Astrocytes B. Select the correct statement regarding synapses. 100% (3 ratings) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? D) found in the retina of the eye, Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? c. the person had a past traumatic brain injury. a. Axons b. Neurons c. Neuroglia d. Synapses e. Type A fibers, Which of the following parts of a neuron contain excitable membranes? c. the structure is further out to the side of the brain. - Neurons have a cell body, which contains the majority of the cell's organelles. C) They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. Describe the structure of neurons 2. Hint. C) depolarization Stimulation of initial axon segment c. afferent neuron. Imagine a neuron that has several hundred axonal knobs impinging on it. Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes, Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups, If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them, The nodes of Ranvier are found only on myelinated, peripheral neuron processes. Fill in the blank. The latter from the brain to the spinal cord. They may live as long as the organism they are part of, and they have an exceptionally high metabolic rate, requiring large amounts of glucose and oxygen to produce ATP. D) ATP and other purines A) ion C) anchor neurons to blood vessels Which of the following describes the ANS? True or False, If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them. C) receptor c. meninges. a. improve working memory. Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? D) Schwann cells, Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. An inhibitory intracellular matrix releases neurotrophins to impair axon re-growth. 36. b. basal ganglia synapses. High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons. 72. D) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. 2.Motor. (a) They conduct impulses. 1. To which part of the spinal cord is sensory information sent? B) If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. They propel cellular components along microtubules. b. Neurotransmitters In myelinated axons the voltage-regulated sodium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. The cerebral cortex has features called gyri and sulci. An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. a. visual information. The hills on the surface of the brain are referred to as: A drug that increases appetite would likely affect: b. astrocytes respond to injury. Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. b. True or False, Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? A. It impacts your spinal cord and the nerves that transmit and receive messages between your brain and the rest of your body. c. basal ganglia. A) peripheral and spinal nerves c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. 27. Choose the correct order of these events below. Neurons and muscle cells are considered excitable tissues because they do what? Methods: Participants were prospectively enrolled . Although neurologic recovery is complete, amnesia for the event persists. c. Myelin traps sodium ions in the axon and, What does myelin do for neurons? Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? a. Alzheimer's disease. D) positively charged and contains more sodium, If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. c. medulla. Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte, Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers. We investigated here the direct and differential effects of inflammatory mediators on human neurons. D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract, What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? hippocampus, which of the following would most likely be the result? d. oligodendrocytes fail to myelinate re-growing axons. The term central nervous system refers to the ________. a) The preganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the first motor neuron. A. ependymal cells B. Schwann cells C . The patient is noncompliant and needs additional monitoring. to axon segment Axon segment b. Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. c. M2 microglial cells It stores energy reserves. Write a paragraph describing the A drug that inhibited the reticular activating system would most likely cause: (1991) finds that the CA1 neuron exhibits trains of action potentials when a small current (< 1 nA) is applied to the soma, but a full calcium spike and burst followed by trains of action potentials when the same small current is applied to . 9. A drug that caused someone to make a reckless decision might be affecting the: 26. b. transcription factors. The comparison demonstrates that the suggested controller closely tracks the reference voltage than the . What should the nurse explain to the patient regarding the role of serotonin and depression? a. Somatic Nervous System c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. a. Oligodendrocytes The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________. b. b. cerebellum. However, the neuron in question does not transmit an impulse. What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? (a . Which of the following is the study of mechanisms of gene expression not involving d. The person may have motor tremor. A patient is admitted to the hospital with exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). First, consider an object with an initial position x0x_0x0, an initial velocity v0v_0v0, and an acceleration aaa. A) acetylcholine Which cranial nerve receives sensory information from the heart, liver, and intestines? depolarized to ce3z/(4zi)3dz. Its structure is multipolar. We studied the biochemical characteristics of dopaminergic (DA) neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a PD . 46. Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. Name the following: Nervous tissue cells that regulate the chemical environment of neurons. B) innervation of cardiac muscle B) amplitude of various sizes 75. When the neurons were damaged, the number of Nissl corpuscles decreased significantly . 1. b. a. polymorphisms. c. preganglionic terminals. a. temporal lobe. If a person ingested a substance that temporarily impaired the functioning of the Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? c. Inhibited digestion B) They can form on receptor endings. stem c.) muscles d.) osteocytes. Which of the following are functions of the CNS? c) Neurons are the most abundant type of cell in nervous tissue. They secrete acetylcholine. a. it is not an increase in membrane potential b. causes the voltage of the internal membrane towards zero c. inside the membrane becomes more positive than resting potential d. lowers the probability of producing an action potential e. none of the above. A) acetycholine a. Answer (1 of 3): So a neuron is a specialized cell in the brain with certain characteristics. C) sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS Myelinated neurons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated neurons because? a. It is shown that localized co-injection of lidocaine derivative QX-314 and receptor agonists is able to block cold sensitivity in mice in a targeted way, with implications for treating cold pain associated with injury and disease. The human body is made of about 100 billion neurons. A gap between Schwann cells in the peripheral system is called a(n) ________. Visual disturbances, paralysis, and weakness, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. a. meninges. Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord. 12. Discovering that someone has glial scars means suggests that: Which of the choices below describes the ANS? Psych 4035 Ch 3 Practice and Reading Quizzes, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Charles Welsh, Cynthia Prentice-Craver, David Shier, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis, Chapter 3 Formatting Documents- Val Caylor. the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. If a neuroscientist described a structure as more lateral to a particular area, this means that: The membrane potential of the postsynaptic membrane changes. According to the signal, carried by motor nerves to effector organs, the muscles and glands . When excited electrically, the Hg atoms emit UV light, which excites the phosphor coating of the inner tube, which then emits visible (white) light. A) They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. d. touch information. likely acting upon? A) the membrane potential has been reestablished b) Neurological cells protect and support neurons. Which of the following IS NOT a description of a neuron? True or False, A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane. A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons. The neuronal membrane. What portion of the neuron receives signals from other neurons? Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of impulse propagation, or conduction velocity, along an axon? d. tremor. Show the details. d. hypothalamus. Which type of neurons are used to convey the special senses of sight? What are the basic divisions of the peripheral nervous system? From a historical standpoint, no other cell type has attracted as much attention or caused as much controversy as the nerve cell. The actual cause of the neurodegenerative component of the disease is however unclear. c. Electrical impulses would be unable to travel down axons. 2. Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior, senses, and movement are called: a. neurons. a. M4 What are the different classes of neurons and their functions? b. it provides a medium for nutrients to cells. These K+ ions decrease the positive ion concentration momentarily below the normal -70mV and thus hyperpolarize the cell. A. excitability B. neurotransmitter production C. high energy needs D. capability of mitosis. kg 1), . b. hypothalamus Central Nervous System C) microglia C) neurolemma If a physician identified her patient as a low drug metabolizer, which of the following is most In addition to diffusion, what are two other mechanisms that terminate neurotransmitter activity?
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