Blue vervain prefers moist conditions with full to partial sun. Verbena absolutely must have full sun and well-drained soil, so choose the location carefully. Watch for powdery mildew. Some people online report that their dogs love to eat it. Latest titles: Wild Edible Plants of Oklahoma (2021), Wild Edible Plants of Nevada (2021), and Wild Edible Plants of New Mexico: Vol 1 (2022). If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. The herb was once thought useful for diplomacy and was present at all contract signings and carried by messengers and envoys. Many of vervains health benefits are backed by science, but the plant is also used in traditional medicine to treat other ailments without clinical evidence supporting the effects. Just keep in mind that many of its purported benefits and uses are not supported by science, including its use to increase breast-milk production or to treat ear infections. Blue Princess verbena ( Verbena x hybrida 'Blue Princess'). Ancient cultures throughout Europe have held vervain in high esteem. All you need to do is apply a light application of compost or slow release fertilizer. Lastly, while its generally recognized as safe by the FDA, pregnant women, people with anemia, and those taking blood thinners shouldnt consume it to avoid unwanted side effects. Blue vervain is an attractive purple-blue perennial wildflower found across North America including most of the U.S. and southern Canada. Verbena is a rather large family of plants, and there is a lot of diversity within this family, especially when it comes to the toxicity of the plants. If the conditions and location are right, there is not much you need to do to care for your verbena. It loves full sun and is extremely drought and heat tolerant. The flowers grow to 3 inches long and are crowded with individual five-petaled, trumpet-shaped florets. If youve ever googled is verbena poisonous to dogs? the answer is not clear. They need to be trained or the creeping stems will rot on the ground. Spring is here, and our dogs are excited to be getting outside a lot more. The leaves and berries of the lantana plant are poisonous, particularly to children. in Wales) "Devil's bane". The fever-reducing properties of vervain are also great for minor colds or fevers. Prairie Verbena is a favorite plant seen along Texas roadways and in fields during its blooming season. Producing bright pink flowers, this verbena is a real showstopper. In ancient Persia, the Persians also treated vervain as a sacred plant. Read on to learn how this lovely flowering medicinal herb improves health. Notwithstanding the taste, vervain has played an important role in healing and herbal magic since ancient times. Currently I own two "Goldies"- a five year old and a seven month old. Applicable in/with: vegetarian, dessert, salads 'Appleblossom' has large, cotton candy pink flowers with a white eye. Generally, they do know what theyre doing. In fact, verbena doesnt appreciate being pampered and prefers being left alone. More recently, vervain has become known for its effect in treating infections in the airways. Verbena is not poisonous to children. The flowers are also used as a garnish in cocktails and alcoholic beverages. Rigid verbena (Verbena rigida). Alpine Strawberry (F ragaria vesca var. Beginner's Guide to Safely Foraging for It attracts butterflies, a super bonus for Superbena. In small doses it may act as a sedative, an anticonvulsive, and calm an upset stomach. A garden fence or chicken wire might work, or you could plant your verbena in the middle of other plants where your dog will not want to step. Read on to learn more about the many ways to use verbena. With less than full sun, verbena will struggle. Sign up for our newsletter. As it turns out, purple flowers are more common than purple dyes. Lantana blooms are smaller, typically 1 to 2 inches across, and grow in tight clusters. Step into a meditative journey and Japanese pond design based on Zen philosophy at Rajat and Lisa Agarwals garden, members of the Austin Pond Society. Blue vervain is a flowering plant that belongs to the vervain family, Verbenaceae. Although it hasnt been proven, verbena is sometimes thought to be an effective treatment for depression and anxiety. The whole plant is also used to treat abdominal pain and to protect against the evil eye, which is believed to cause misfortune or injury (21). Moss verbena (Glandularia puchella) and yellow sage (Salvia koyamae) are dog-safe creeping plants that thrive in partial shade. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Edible Produce (186) Garden Accessories (473) Indoor Plants & Succulents (496) Perennials (603) Roses (240) Seeds (271 . Texas Rose verbena ( Verbena x hybrida 'Texas Rose'). The symptoms of potential verbena poisoning. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Each lemon verbena flower will produce 2 seeds, though the seed is usually only viable if the plant is growing in a tropical climate. Perennials are better for hotter climates, but the annuals are great options for colder winters. Lemon verbena is quite versatile for [] With this the table of Jupiter is swept, and homes are cleansed and purified. Known for being so darn pretty, purpletop catches the eye with its thin, rough, square-ish, sparsely leaved stems, and rosy lavender flower clusters. . Verbena bonariensis has no toxic effects reported.. Are verbena flowers edible? Vervain Herbal Information: Learn How To Grow Vervain Herb Plants, Verbena Plant Information: Are Verbena And Lemon Verbena The Same Thing, Growing Plants For Cosmetics: Learn How To Grow A Beauty Garden, Gardening For Bees In Nebraska And West North Central Region, Ornamental Grasses Ohio Valley Gardeners Should Grow, Calibrachoa Winter Care: Can You Overwinter Calibrachoa Million Bells, What Is Lychee Fruit Learn About Growing Lychee Trees, Self-Fruiting Apple Trees: Learn About Apples That Pollinate Themselves, Birch Tree Lifespan: How Long Do Birch Trees Live, Home & Garden Marketplace: Advertiser Info. Even though verbena officinalis does not have any well-researched side-effects or drug interactions, you should not take vervain in large doses. Vervain is also used in Hildegard of Bingen medicineas an herb to address symptoms related to the common cold. It is up to the reader to verify nutritional information and health benefits with qualified professionals for all edible plants listed in this web site. If its coloured like the rainbow, you know the deal. It emits no scent. It emits no scent. Verbena thrives in a variety of soil conditions and don't require much water, especially once . Verbena plants are not poisonous to people. Similarly, lantana, or lantana camara, is poisonous. Thin-stemmed, topped with bunches of tiny five-petaled flowers coming in all different colours, verbena are often used as an ornamental plant. However, essences are not used to prevent, control, or cure cancer or any other physical condition."[14]. Vervain is particularly well suited for acute and chronic inflammation of the sinuses and respiratory tracts, because it acts as anti-inflammatory as well as an expectorant. Place the pot with cutting inside a clear plastic bag. Vervain has long been used in folk medicine as a relaxant or nerve tonic, and animal research currently backs up this use. Peruse this list of 25 common edible flowers to see if any grow in your garden. Clusters of small purple flowers floating on long, airy stems tempting passing butterflies to stop for a sip is just one reason to consider adding Verbena bonariensis, also called tall verbena or purpletop verbena, to your garden.This plant is just one of about 250 species in the genus Verbena, of which only about half a dozen are in cultivation. It is found in many countries but in abundance throughout Canada and the U.S. Blue vervain had many uses in First Nations culture as food and medicine. It says so by colouring itself in vivid oranges, pinks, purples, reds, yellows, and whites, sometimes all at once. They have a long history of use as a medicinal remedy, as well as being dried for herbal tea. It grows up to 1 meter tall and produces indigo flowers in early spring. . Originally published 04/04. In taste, it's closest to lemon zest but with a stronger aroma. The basics, as always, apply. Verbena canadensis is common in the southeastern Piedmont and Coastal Plain areas in dry sunny places. They used the sacred vervain branches to purify their temples. and the Romans used violets and roses in their food as well as lavender in sauces. In addition, it is deer resistant. Symptoms that result from ingesting these parts of a lantana plant include fever, sleepiness, vomiting and convulsions. Brazilian verbena (Verbena bonariensis). As always, just make sure youre actually dealing with glandularia canadensis. Each "Homestead Purple" verbena flower is small, with petals joined at the base to form a tube. 'Abbeville' is a vigorous variety with light lavender flowers that bloom in late summer and early fall. It can be frustrating to look for a single answer to a problem, ie: is verbena poisonous to dogs, only to discover its not so straightforward. By now you may be thinking you need a degree in botany to figure out if your dog is eating a poisonous type of verbena. Step 3 - Remove spent blooms. The plant is recognized by its jagged, tooth-shaped leaves and clusters of delicate, mauve or pale-purple blossoms. It is one of the best types of violet flowers. Upright stems branch widely off the central stem. Grapes. In-depth wild edible PDFs. ", "Vervain (Verbena): Benefits, Uses, and Side Effects", "RHS Plant Selector Verbena 'Silver Anne' (G) AGM / RHS Gardening", "RHS Plant Selector Verbena 'Sissinghurst' (G) AGM / RHS Gardening", "Aconitum uncinatum (Appalachian Blue Monkshood, Blue Rocket, Devil's Helmet, Eastern Blue Monkshood, Eastern Monkshood, Monkshood, Southern Blue Monkshood, Wild Monkshood, Wolf's Bane) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox", "Language of Flowers - Flower Meanings, Flower Sentiments", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verbena&oldid=1138540287, This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 06:32. Some varieties are renowned for their medicinal use. Soil should have a pH of 5.8 to 7.2. This article reviews its possible uses, benefits, and side effects. Pliny the Elder notes "the Magi especially make the maddest statements about the plant: that [among other things] a circle must be drawn with iron round the plant". Vervain, also known as verbena, Verbena officinalis, and herb of the cross, is a perennial herb native to Europe and Asia (1). Producing bright pink flowers, this verbena is a real showstopper. Hildegard von Bingen generally classifies the plant as cooling. Within Hildegard medicineshe references vervain and verbena to treat swelling and inflammation in the throat, to heal ulcers, to treat jaundice, tooth and gum infections, and to reduce gum inflammation. It tolerates light shade, but best flowering is in a position with full sun, 6 to 8 hours per day. nutrition, recipes, history, uses & more! The "Little Purple One" attracts butterflies and bees, with its flowers providing a nectar source. It is called the Pet Poison Hotline, and their phone number is (855) 764-7661. Vervains extract and essential oils may provide other potential health benefits, such as: Vervain is a popular remedy due to its multiple plant-beneficial compounds. USDA Zones: 6-8. Consult with your physician if you suffer from any serious medical conditions or are currently under the care for a health condition. Ageratum. That means people with anemia or iron deficiency should steer clear of the plant (24). Blue vervain roots are fibrous and short rhizomes. This dainty, lemon-scented flower is used as a culinary spice, an herbal medicine, aromatherapy essential oil, and perfume fragrance. Tags: Lemon Verbena. Convulsions are different from seizures. . This is a great verbena cultivar. The Latin name is the best way to ensure you have the correct species of plant and one that is edible. ), Superbena Scarlet Star or Superbena Raspberry, This article is about the plant genus. The origins of vervain are not entirely known, but it is believed to be native to southern Europe in the Mediterranean region. Apply a natural fungicide like Serenade. The significance of vervain as a cultural symbol and healing plant is partly how it acquired its many names. We plant it to make our gardens look pretty and attract butterflies. Despite the name, some of these plants (depending on conditions) will produce flowers that are lavender and in some cases, even white. Climatic Zones. Moss verbena (Verbena tenuisecta). Its for your dogs safety after all. Also known as verbena tenuisecta, this hardy species originated in South America and is now found all over the southern United States. View photos of the medicinal plant Glandularia bipinnatifida [Verbena bipinnatifida] (Prairie verbena) Charles W. Kane | Applied Medical Botany. Step 2 - Remove sections using clean, sharp pruning shears. Alternating temperatures between 60F (16C) at night and 86F (30C) during the day helps to break dormancy. 60. But practically, no. It doesnt need much fertilizer. Annual Verbena (Glandularia x hybrida; formerly Verbena x hybrida): Annual verbena is a relatively common garden bedding plant. Rigid verbena hails from South America and grows in low patches with bright purple flowers. Compounds in vervain essential oil, such as citral, are known to possess antimicrobial activities. How to use them: Petals can be mixed into salads or compound butters; stems and leaves can be eaten raw or steamed/sauted/ creamed . Be sure to dig out grass several feet from the trunk, ideally to the drip line of the tree canopy. [4] When used alone, the terms usually refer to common verbena. Purple Verbena flowers. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. [7] Intergeneric chloroplast gene transfer by an undetermined mechanism though probably not hybridization has occurred at least twice from vervains to Glandularia, between the ancestors of the present-day South American lineages and once more recently, between V.orcuttiana or V.hastata and G.bipinnatifida. Plant homestead purple verbena in full sunlight and well-drained soil. In a mouse study, high doses of vervain extract of 18 grams per pound (40 grams per kg) of body weight inhibited tumor growth by more than 30%, compared with controls. Vervain is generally recognized as safe by the FDA. (See also Aloysia, Glandularia and Junellia for species formerly placed here. Trailing verbenas. Where they'll grow: USDA zones 2 to 9; full sun in cooler climates and part to light shade in warmer climates. Dirty napkin? Add compost around trees and fertilize. Fortunately, however, it is not listed as toxic. This perennial also looks great in containers on a patio or porch. Flower: Densely packed spike clusters of -inch purple to blue-violet flowers, sometimes rose pink or white. Blue vervain is a tall and erect wild edible plant that occasionally branches at the upper half of the plant. Verbena 'Superbena Purple' has really dark green, fuzzy foliage, against vivid purple flowers. While its usually well tolerated, there have been reports of side effects (22). Vervain (Verbena Officinalis) is a flowering plant in the Verbena (Verbenacea) family of plants. Vervain herb is often confused with lemon verbena. Therefore, nursing mothers may want to err on the side of caution and avoid consuming the plant to ensure the safety of themselves and their babies (22). Permaculture meets hospitality at Cosmic Coffee and Beer where Paul Oveisi created sustainable gardens and wildlife habitat set around ponds and gracious waterfall. Click, All listed plants are found in central-east Canada and It inhibited the growth of all microorganisms in a dose-dependent manner meaning that the higher the dose, the higher the antimicrobial effect (13). Above: A package of Dried Lemon Verbena Tea leaves are $8.95 for approximately 1.4 ounces from Tea Life. The medicinal effects of vervain include: The natural astringent activity of vervain is what makes it a good oral rinse for bleeding gums and mouth ulcers. Most verbena varieties are safe, but the purple top verbena (Verbena bonariensis) is poisonous to animals So, what if our dog wants to sample some verbena or more likely, what if they already have? 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Prairie verbena is listed as an annual or short-lived perennial herb. . It grows in disturbed areas and is commonly located in moist meadows, thickets, riversides, marshes, and pastures. Verbena - Key Growing Information. American Blue Vervain. They are valued in butterfly gardening in suitable climates, attracting Lepidoptera such as the Hummingbird hawk-moth, Chocolate albatross, or the Pipevine swallowtail, and also hummingbirds, especially V. officinalis, which is also grown as a honey plant. The plants are generally safe, although some varieties are toxic to animals. We have a vervain tea (also called blue vervain tea) recipe for you from Hildegard. Moss Verbena is extremely drought tolerant and is found along roadsides, ditches and disturbed sites here in Florida. north-east United States (zones 4-7), but do grow elsewhere. In higher doses its dangerous. To prolong the bloom season of these lovely annuals, remove the flowers as they fade. There are two kinds of it; one has many leaves and is thought to be female, the other, the male, has fewer leaves.[19]. When stems reach about four feet tall, they droop toward the ground. While common vervain is not native to North America, it has been introduced there and for example the Pawnee have adopted it as an entheogen enhancer and in oneiromancy (dream divination), much as Calea zacatechichi is used in Mexico. Cultivated verbenas are sometimes parasitized by sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and spread this pest to other crops. Also known by such names as common verbena, wild verbena, simpler's joy, holy herb, enchanter's plant, mosquito plant, wild hyssop, Indian hyssop, blue vervain, juno's tears, pigeon's grass, pigeonweed, and herb of the cross, vervain answers . Hildegard extoled the virtues of bitter flavorsand encouraged working to improve our tolerance for bitter herbs. Is purple verbena toxic to dogs? If something happens to your furry friend, and you suspect that they are suffering from Verbena poisoning, there is a poison control hotline to call for 24/7 vet advice. Alternanthera. Chamomile, exercise, and sleep may help relieve your anxiety. Verbena Purple. Red grape: Used for wines, jams, and jellies, they have a reddish, purple color. Mitochondria are in charge of energy production in your cells, and they need oxygen to do so. Do not eat any part of this plant if this applies to you! Vervain (Verbena): a forgotten medicinal herb, 4 Affordable Holistic Healing Practices to Try at Home, Preventing and Relieving Symptoms of Dementia Naturally, Coronavirus: Wisdom of Seasons and the Flu. Cover seed lightly with growing medium. While verbena differences can be quite marked from one variety to the next, nearly all kinds of verbena will provide you with flowers from spring through the summer and even into fall. Other medicinal varieties of vervain include blue vervain (Verbena hastata) and white vervain (Verbena urticifolia.). Etymological Meaning. Blue vervain (Verbena hastata), however, is known to potentially interfere with blood pressure medications. Some species and hybrids are not hardy and are treated as half-hardy annuals in bedding schemes.[9]. What to eat: the flower petals, stems, and leaves. You can find vervain in tincture form, as a powder, or ointment. Get plant information, garden quotes, & exclusive offers directly to your inbox. Therefore, it is believed the word derives from the plants use in the smelting process as means to help harden and improve longevity of steel.The herb was also frequently used to treat cuts and puncture wounds. The essential oil of various species, mainly common vervain, is traded as "Spanish verbena oil". These purple verbena flowers are not only beautiful for edible. In the wild, it forms colonies with slow-spreading rhizomes and self-seeds. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. The purple flowers occur in a candelabra-shaped panicle and are a high-value nectar plant with a long bloom season. Also known as glandularia canadensis, popular types of trailing verbena include homestead purple, appleblossom, summer blaze, snowflurry, greystone daphne The list goes on. Ensure your dog is well-exercised and mentally stimulated. Vervain contains over 20 beneficial plant compounds, including iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, which may be responsible for its purported benefits (2). if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'qualitydogresources_com-mobile-leaderboard-2','ezslot_17',168,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-qualitydogresources_com-mobile-leaderboard-2-0'); Give yourself some credit too, for knowing the right questions to ask, and knowing where to look for answers. Still time, but dont wait! Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. and livestock; Non-Toxic Alternative: Verbena Researchers attributed this anti-tumor activity to verbenosides A and B two types of glycosides and triterpenoids (3). Allow to steep for ten minutes. Additionally, citral a key component in vervain essential oil possesses proven anticancer effects that cause programmed cell death (5). Gentian Root: Uses, Benefits, and Side Effects. For instance, purple top verbena is toxic to animals, but most trailing . Tall verbena is a non-toxic alternative. Vervain helps relieve discomfort from insect bites and can accelerate the healing process by closing wounds more quickly. My name is James and I love dogs. Verbena ,scientific name:Verbena hybrids, is half-Hardy is an annual grass of the Department Verbenaceae jenus vervain native to Tropical America. [18], No plant however is so renowned among the Romans as hiera botane ('sacred plant'). The Aztecs and other Native American tribes used vervain roots and vervain flowers as a diuretic and as a natural treatment for headaches, circulatory issues, and insomnia. Verbena is generally not poisonous to other animals. The flavor of vervain tea takes some getting used to. In the early Christian era, folk legend stated that V. officinalis was used to staunch Jesus' wounds after his removal from the cross. Even its nicknames convey adoration, as in: the herb of love and the herb of the cross. Blue vervain is a tall and erect wild edible plant that occasionally branches at the upper half of the plant. Keep the soil moist by watering once per week if there is no rain but avoid standing water and wet soil that may kill the plant . 30. It has low water requirements and will grow in full sun or part shade. The ancient Druids of what is now Ireland believed vervain held supernatural powers. [21], According to the Wiccan writer Doreen Valiente, Vervain flowers signify the goddess Diana and are often depicted on cimaruta, traditional Italian amulets. However, this is another use not supported by scientific evidence (22). Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! In ancient Greece it was dedicated to Eos Erigineia. Doesn't get any easier than that! Ornamental (clumping) grasses like muhly and Mexican feather grass (late month), Trees, shrubs, roses (as soon as possible before heat sets in), Nasturtiums, chives, catnip, comfrey, fennel, horseradish, feverfew, oregano, thyme, rosemary, Mexican mint marigold, peppermint, lemongrass (after last freeze), Chard, corn, cucumber, eggplant, endive, Malabar spinach, mustard, peppers, pumpkin, summer & winter squash, tomatillos (you need at least two! Please click here for more information. You could also use it in a hanging basket. This dense, low-growing shrub grows in woodlands, savannas, scrub, and wetlands; and you'll often find it sprawling along the coast and beside roadsides. Vervain is a uterine stimulant. When in doubt, it is best to take precautions to keep pets safe. Warning: blue vervain can interfere with blood pressure medication and hormone therapy. Verbena may relieve symptoms of the common cold and upper respiratory problems. Fertilize with slow-release granular late in the month or as dormant perennials leaf out. Avoid planting caladiums. UK. Remove all but the topmost one or two sets of leaves and plant the cutting in a small pot filled with moist, well-draining planting medium. It grows about 1 foot tall and several feet in diameter. It flowers all summer long with those beautiful purple flowers. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Blue porterweed grows mostly in the tropical regions of the Americas, including the Caribbean. Fertilize every few weeks through growing season. Verbena bonariensis is a tall, airy plant. Here are the science-backed benefits as well as, Sassafrass tea has a long-standing reputation as a powerful medicinal herb, but its use has garnered controversy over the past few decades. For other uses, see, Last edited on 10 February 2023, at 06:32, "Amazing Benefits of Verveine Tea: Is This a Miracle Tea? While we strive to be 100% accurate, it is solely up to the reader to ensure proper plant identification. The plants are generally safe, although some varieties are toxic to animals. If you experience anxiety, find calm through these 10 natural remedies. Or you can just soak a clean cloth in a strong version of vervain tea and apply directly to your skin. This is a great verbena cultivar. . For instance, purple top verbena is toxic to animals, but most trailing types are safe. They contain concentrations of bitter plant compounds and tannins, as well as silica and volatile essential oils. Bees are among the important pollinators for this plant. They get into more trouble when theyre bored. This was attributed to verbenin, an essential component in vervain. [6], The genus can be divided into a diploid North American and a polyploid South American lineage, both with a base chromosome number of seven. For some verbena pathogens, see List of verbena diseases. Larval host plant for verbena moth and the common buckeye butterfly. Vervain (Verbena Officinalis) is a flowering plant in the Verbena (Verbenacea) family of plants. [19] The common names of verbena in many Central and Eastern European languages often associate it with iron. With shade and too much moisture, these plants will develop mildew and fail to bloom. Generally perennial, sometimes annual, they appear either tree-sized, shrub-sized, or spreading along the ground like a moss. Inspired by Hildegard for detoxification, weight loss & improved metabolism! The majority of the species are native to the Americas and Asia. Most varieties will decline once summer heat increases. Lemon verbena flowers are produced in the late spring or early summer, and they are borne as fabulous sprays of either tiny white flowers or tiny light purple flowers. Keep in mind that the flavor is quite intense, so use a light touch when adding lemon verbena leaves to your culinary dishes, such as: Disclaimer: The content of this article is for educational and gardening purposes only. ), Viola adorata and Viola tricolor. The tannins are part of what gives the vervain herb its astringent (constricting) properties. In herbal medicine, the above-ground plant parts of vervain are used during the flowering period. Purple Knight . Its anti-inflammatory properties make it a great natural remedy for many different conditions. [5], Verbena is an herbaceous flowering plant, belonging to the Verbenaceae family, and may be annual or perennial depending on the species. It has small dense flower clusters in white, yellow, orange, red, and purple. Living Greens/ Microgreens/ Purple Radish: Raphanus sativus: . The vervain herb, however, contains no iron. The flowers are available from May to November. It is sometimes cultivated for its oil, used as seasoning, food, and even as an alternative medicine. The most common types of verbena, and whether theyre poisonous. *PLEASE NOTE. This is a perennial wildflower that is unique because it has flowers on showy candelabra-like spikes. Vervain, also known as verbena, Verbena officinalis, and herb of the cross, is a perennial herb native to Europe and Asia . When in doubt, stop Googling and call the vet. Poke them into gritty compost around . Order mixed annual combinations ready to plant in your containers. Vervain has since been naturalized to other parts of the world, including North America. Pliny the Elder described vervain as a sacred plant with innumerable applications including the ritual sweeping and smudging of homes and its use in potions for love and good fortune. The German word for Vervain (Eisenkraut) includes reference to iron. Note: Dont use verbena (or any other herb) without discussing your health problem with a physician or other health care provider. Make sure youre dealing with purpletop, otherwise. Annuals: Its a tricky month for annuals since we get hot days. During the Middle Ages, vervain was often used in magicians and witches potions. Although verbena ("vervain") has been used in herbalism and traditional medicine, usually as an herbal tonic, there is no high-quality evidence for its effectiveness.
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