Walt Perko's Altair-Duino Page Blog Title Picture: MITS Altair 8800 Front Panel.jpg by Cromemco, released under CC BY-SA 4.0 Some call the IMSAI the first clone of another computer system, in this case, of the MITS Altair 8800, a similar computer which was release just a few months earlier. Altair 8800 Computer, Altair 32 Emulator, Altair Front ... Popular Electronics - The MITS Altair 8800 - Complete January / February 1975 Articles Loading BASIC on a MITS Altair using TURNMON or VG MON Loading BASIC on a MITS Altair 8800 with Front Panel At this point I could easily add the lights and switches and have a working computer with a front panel that can run Altair BASIC. The original system was made up of a simple S-100 based interface board and a software package. These devices have a dual-core CPU @ 240MHz, 520KB SRAM, 4MB Flash RAM (storage) and builtin WiFi, USB connector for serial UART and . here's the schematic and layout . Though clicking on switches does not offer the same tactile satisfaction as flipping real switches, playing with the Altair simulation is a great way to appreciate how a binary human/computer interface was both . The Intel 8080 is a complete central processing unit (CPU) on a single LSI . PDF ALTAIR - IMSAI replacement CPU project. Manuals. Front Panel Connectors ALTAIR 8800 - 8 pin Molex • Original 8 pin Molex connector, 0.156" pin spacing • Located a little to the left of the original, making it easier to plug in the somewhat short wiring harness. The Altair had an 8 wire cable from the CPU board to the front panel. But adding the front panel is a big arts and crafts project involving making a panel that looks good, lots of wiring and lots of potentially expensive switches. It was configured similarly (8080 CPU and 4k of SRAM) but it had a splashier front panel graphics and larger, bi-color paddle switches on the front panel. hardware - How did the Altair ensure that the −5 V supply ... The power supply was larger and less electrically noisy, and the backplane was better designed . Altair 8800 Operators Manual (5.6M PDF) Altair 8800 Assembly/Construction manual (7.2M PDF) Altair 8800 Theory of Operation Manual (400k PDF) Schematics accompanying Theory Of Operation Manual (1M PDF) Front panel schematic (200k PDF) CPU Voltage Regulator schematic drawing (60k PDF) Power Supply schematic . ¹ See the bottom centre of the schematic on PDF page 25 of the Altair 8800 Theory of Operation Manual & Schematics.S4 is an SPST momentary-contact toggle switch; S5 and S6 are three-way toggles (resting at centre, with momentary up and down) which are effectively a pair of SPST switches sharing a common terminal. Oddly, the price for the kit version is the same because it turned out to actually be . At the time the photo was taken, a few parts still hadn't been installed. The initial design had to be revised and first deliveries of the Altair 680B were in April 1976. I just ordered the Altair-Duino kit last Friday. The Z80 Membership Card -- An Altair in an Altoids tin! Here is the current schematic. Next time, I'll design the basic circuitry to access the RAM chip (think the Examine switch on the Altair) and buffer its content and finally drives some LEDs to show it to the user. A lot of people, including me, built a COSMAC Elf as their first computer and still have fond memories of toggling in little programs with the front panel switches. The first IMSAI 8080 contained three cards: a motherboard with an Altair-like 100-pin bus connector, a front panel card with switches and lights like mainframe and minicomputers of the day; and a CPU card with a 2MHz 8-bit Intel 8080. 1-5-2005. Credits. The front panel-less 8800B clone has an on/off light and I put disk access LED's on it. Generation 1 is available. I notice that the front panel control board relies on behavior that I couldn't find described anywhere in the 8080 documentation, and that is that the device address (the argument to an IN or OUT statement) gets sent out on both the high and low bytes of the address bus . must be stopped for any of the front panel switches except RESET to be active.) Original MITS Altair documentation. The PCB design is adapted from the open source project Altair 8800 emulator created by Daniel Karling. The ALTAIR 8800 computer system is designed around Intel's 8080 microprocessor. I'm making my schematic, board layout, and software available for free here. CircuitGizmos enhanced version of the Color Maximite 2 The RetroMax is the CircuitGizmos version of the Color Maximite 2 a small self-contained computer inspired by the home computers of the early 80's such as the Tandy TRS-80, Commodore 64 and Apple II. It included 256 bytes of 8 bit memory! In the Clone's case two wires needed to be solder to main board between ground and the driven end of the current limiting resistor that drives the front panel INTE LED. Memory/Input/Output card. As completed, this config has a front control panel with eleven switches. Altair32 Project Status. Then there's the issue of running live AC line traces on the front panel PCB. As I recall, it's pretty easy to break one of the wires with simple fatigue stress. Arduino Altair 8800 Simulator over 2 years ago. Let your hand probe around a bit in back of the PCB and you can get a nasty surprise. Museum restoration of 8800 Altair 8800 Stockly.com Forums > Altair 8800 . So the Altair will send any output from LLIST or LPRINT to that serial port. It will even accept the same cards as the Altair, because of the S-100 bus design. Homebuilt 6502 Software Projects. It was later published on the front cover of Popular Electronics in 1975 making it almost instantly a huge success. Once I saw the concept, I quickly made a bread board for testing followed by a printed This is mostly highly-technical information on the operations . Starting in 1976, he designed and sold computers, computer parts, and accessories under several company names, including Thinker Toys and Morrow Designs. Adam's uIP - Adam Dunkels has written a free, small TCP/IP stack in C which has been ported to x86, 8051, and 6502 systems. Using an Arduino Due (or a Mega for 25% of original speed), the clone can accurately reproduce the behavior of the Altair's front panel elements. All of the circuitry - the CPU and memory, are on cards which plug into the expansion slots, which MITS called the "Altair Bus". Altair 8800 emulator. Though clicking on switches does not offer the same tactile satisfaction as flipping real switches, playing with the Altair simulation is a great way to appreciate how a binary human/computer interface was both . I still do not get a dot prompt, but I believe the. Connections The Mark-8, besides inspiring the development of the Altair 8800, inspired another computer pioneer, Robert Suding. Generation 2 is out of stock because of the chip shortage. I have verified that the Zenith terminal is set for 9600 baud by opening and checking. It has 256 bytes of RAM that you can program and examine with the switches. It is used to drive the Front Panel LEDs. Data sent to each device can be captured and replayed. The Altair has the same type of motherboard, oriented in the same position as the Intellec. 2/18/2018 -- I received an updated copy of the 8800b manual with a missing page replaced; posted. His initial product was an 8080 board with an octal-notation keypad, but it proved unappealing to hobbyists who preferred the binary notation and flip switches of the Altair 8800. Mikro Altair 8800 Retro Click. Interest grew quickly after it was featured on the cover of the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics and was sold by mail order through advertisements there, in Radio-Electronics, and in other hobbyist magazines. The current Propeller Elf II has an internal battery option or, as with the original Elf, can use an external power supply with power fed into the front panel's two banana jacks. It includes its own BASIC interpreter and powers up within Beginning sometime in 1978, I began construction of an S-100 based mainboard system, essentially a modernized version of the Altair-8800, without the front panel, as a new concept of a machine monitor had developed, that booted a simple monitor to the screen. System One is the Altair 8800 Computer plus 256 words of static memory. The Altair 8800 Clone sells for $621, which is the same price as an original assembled Altair 8800 in 1975. The Altair 680 did not sell well compared to the 8800. This must be the first power source connected and the last disconnected, otherwise the processor will be I have to admit that soldering small parts onto tightly packed boards is less fun than when I was younger. Over the winter I started working on an Intel 8080 emulator which later turned into an Altair 8800 emulator running on atmega328, complete with a hardware front panel. I swapped the order of 4 wires so it didn't work as expected and it took a few hours to figure out. The Altair 8800 Computer includes the CPU (Centra l Processing Unit), front panel control board, front panel lights and switches, power supply and expand(•r Adorned with switches and lights, the computer's front panel is outlined by . I think it would be pretty neat to have a "generic" panel with enough lights and switches to control a 16-bit processor. Member List; Calendar; Forum; Genres; S-100; If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. The Altair 8800 did not come with an operating system in ROM and required the user to start it up by using front panel switches turned on in a specific order. So, the Altair 8800 really has been modernized and connected in ways were never dreamt of when the Altair was invented. Initial speed for the Altair 8800 was 2 MHz. In early machines, CRTs might also be present (as an oscilloscope, or, for . The Altair 8800 Clone sells for $621, which is the same price as an original assembled Altair 8800 in 1975. 1/16/2015 -- I . Dylan, As I recently 'said' I have been able to get FrontPanel up and running on both Windows and Unix. The oldest computer in the collection, the Altair 8800, launched in 1975, spurred the personal computer revolution. Oddly, the price for the kit version is the same because it turned out to actually be . Altair 8800 Front Panel For An 8080 Emulator. This card has the rest of the circuitry needed to make a complete working computer like the original Altair 8800. Assembling programs by hand and toggling in the binary codes using the front panel gets tedious very quickly. At the top left is an 8-bit output port latch. . 8080/Altair Simulator As part of my work in microcomputer history. You'd use the switches to specify the bits of an address and a single data byte, and then latch that value into memory while . The Altair 8800 is coincidentally celebrating 40 years this year! MT3620 Azure Sphere Based Altair 8800 Hardware. I have created a PC based simlulation of the 8080 processor and a complete Altair 8800 computer system. Ten of these are toggle switches and one is a push button. Input/output was 16 toggle switches and 16 LED lights on the front panel. In the Clone's case two wires needed to be solder to main board between ground and the driven end of the current limiting resistor that drives the front panel INTE LED. For the backing (to actually hold switches and LEDs in place) I used a sheet of 22 gauge metal, using a regular power drill to create the holes for LEDs and switches. IMSAI 8080 - 16 pin dip • Standard 16 pin dip, machine socket suggested. This includes the CPU, Memory, console, North-Star disk controller and Real time clock systems, as well as the Altair front panel and a comprehensive debugger. The MITS Altair 680 was on the cover of the November 1975 issue of Popular Electronics. The user can also configure alarm sounds and actions to take when the front panel buttons are pressed. PSALM - Tim Köhler's German-only page describing a project that reverse-engineered the 6502 to produce a VHDL core of an asynchronous (clockless) 6502. I've been working on a Z80 computer kit off and on for a while. Hope to have it by the end of this week. LIST OF PE ELF SWITCHES 8 - Data 1 . The entire Altair 8800 system is comprised of a metal case, a power supply, a front panel with switches, and a passive motherboard with expansion slots. After the iCOM acquisiton, the Turnkey model of the 680 (with reduced function front panel) was sold in the ICOM product line. Altair 8800 Theory Of Operation Manual [ Download] 5. Altair 8800 8-PIN Front Panel Connector IMSAI 8080 16-PIN DIP Front Panel Connector Up to 64K RAM System Memory 32K EPROM for Boot Strap Programs Two RS-232 Serial Ports SPI Serial Peripheral Interface SPI SD Memeory Card 8-BIT Parallel I/O The JAIR 8080A CPU Board Manual Find the well done BOM (Bill of Materials) in the manual Go into the Printer section of the configuration menu, set the printer type to C700 (Centronics). The Altair or Altair 8800 computer from MITS was developed by Henry Edward Roberts and introduced on December 19, 1974. Concerning the IMSAI 8080 and Altair 8800's power consumption, they were run off thick and heavy transformer (pretty much like a microwave oven transformer except they were run at lower voltage) with linear regulators and HUGE low-dropout electrolytic capacitors - the first computers with SMPS didn't appear until 1982 - '84. Schematics accompanying Theory Of Operation Manual. I could write it under CP/M and use the CP/M assembler, but text editing is a little clumsy under CP/M, the assembler is slow, and I want to run the programs standalone on the Altair 8800 without using CP/M. The IMSAI was not the only computer to copy MITS' S-100 bus scheme, but it may have been the first. It is a custom PC case made to look and function like the Altair 8800. Altair32 Emulator Project This is the beginnings of my Altair-related documents archive. Basically, the entire 8800b emulator (with Altair dual disk drive emulation) involved only two active packages, the ESP266 and a Microchip 64K RAM, a linear regulator, and a Chinese-sourced RS-232 converter. and logos 1) Altair 8800 Assembly manual, 103 pgs For assembly of front panel, CPU, chassis, power supply, bus. The Membership Card is a complete computer that fits in an Altoids tin. Add to that the problem of nicking a conductor while stripping. IMSAI 8080 - 16 pin dip • Standard 16 pin dip, machine socket suggested. The concept was shown on a classic Altair 8800 and also on the Altair 8800 Clone. Unlike the Altair, the Elf was a computer that everybody could afford, including, at that time, a poor high school student like me. Welcome to Maricopa County, the 4th populous county in the nation with over 13,000 employees working together to continually improve residents quality of air, environment, public health, human services, animal shelters, roads, planning & development, elections, courts, parks, and more. The IMSAI could be considered to be the first "clone" machine, in this case, of the Altair 8800. On some of the first microcomputers - I'm talking about machines like the Altair 8800 or the IMSAI 8080 - the operator would load a program into RAM using a series of switches on the front panel of the machine. Altair 8800. To create the front panel I started with a high-quality scan of the Altair's front panel (found here at www.vintage-computer.com) and had it printed at a copy shop onto card stock. The concept was shown on a classic Altair 8800 and also on the Altair 8800 Clone. A few weeks ago I came across an Altair "clone" that was available: I was tempted, but I decided that I really needed to finish up . Created by Ed Roberts in 1974, it was . (The Altair used toggle switches instead of the push button switches on the Intellec). The schematic diagrams for the ALTAIR system are located at the end of this . . Altair 8800 Computer, Altair 32 Emulator, Altair Front Panel Computer history, Old Computers. In the Clone's case two wires needed to be solder to main board between ground and the driven end of the current limiting resistor that drives the front panel INTE LED. Arrange in almost the same way. One really clever thing was how MITS and IMS added a front panel that allowed you to view and modify memory without a firmware monitor. The Altair 8800 included an Intel 8080 processor, "1024 word" memory boards with 256 bytes of memory . Will fit into a Hammond 10x4" housing. Some time (2 years?) Constructing the PiDP-8 minicomputer front panel for SimH. 8800 Theory of Operations and Schematics (3.5mb)(TE). The concept was shown on a classic Altair 8800 and also on the Altair 8800 Clone. S-100 Systems discussions. April 12th, 2015. OPERATION WITH A FULL FRONT PANEL You can use a Turnkey Module with an Altair that has a front panel (e.g. The Altair simulation allows you to input programs entirely via the front panel switches like early users of the Altair had to do. an Altair 8800b), by performing the following modifications: 8800bt setting With Front Panel Purpose M1 - M2 Jumper removed Disconnect MWRT from bus B - S B - +5V Disable Turnkey Sense Switches Connector J1 should be left unconnected. Altair 8800 Assembly /construction Manual [ download] 4. It's kind of a retro-emulation meets modern PC type thing. The first units were shipped sometime in December 1975. system itself is close to working correctly or closer to correctly given the cards. The Altair32 Emulator Update Jan 2021: Please note that this section is a little out of date and refers to wine running on a Mac with 32 bit support. Altair 8800bt notes. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. Altair 8800 Operators Manual [ download] 3. . #IMSAI 8080 replica # Overview I've been working on building an IMSAI 8080 CP-A Front Panel replica since May 2017. The Altair 8800: More Retro Computing. • ALTAIR extended BASIC ROM (16k) can be mapped to addresses 0xC000-0xFFFF • Emulates one ALTAIR 88-SIO, 88-ACR and 88-2SIO board. The Altair is widely recognized as the spark that ignited the microcomputer . We covered a similar project in the past, using . ROM was optional, and the most common one ordered for it was the Intel 1702 EPROMS at 256 Bytes. ago I purchased a PiDP-8 kit, an extremely cool Raspberry Pi powered project that combines an "operator front panel" comprised of switches and indicators, with the SimH multi-system computer history simulator, to create an authentic looking, albeit miniaturised, PDP-8. The first "personal computer", a full microcomputer kit using the Intel 8080 was announced in January 1975 - the Altair 8800, for $375.00. Altair 8800 Clone Frontpanel schematic This is the schematic for my Altair 8800 clone front panel board, based on an Arduino DUE. Set the "Map printer to interface" setting to a serial port - but not the one you are using for the regular input/output. 2. wired himself into a corner and decided to make a real schematic and PCB in KiCAD. Original 1975 Altair 8800 documents: Altair 8800: front panel address and data switches on solid grey background Altair 8800a: as above, some changes in f.p. Each device can be mapped to the Arduino's serial interface (on the Due, they can be mapped to either Serial or Serial1). RAM was 256 bytes to 64K. The perfect portable Altair 8800 using David Hansel's Arduino Altair software and hardware from Thailand. The Wikipedia page for the Intel 8080 processor describes pin 11 as The −5 V power supply. From LLIST or LPRINT to that serial port was younger nicking a conductor while stripping: //www.eevblog.com/forum/vintage-computing/imsai-8080-replica/ >! 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